Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland.
Molecules. 2021 Nov 14;26(22):6868. doi: 10.3390/molecules26226868.
Among trichothecenes, T-2 toxin is the most toxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by different species. Moreover, T-2 is the most common cause of poisoning that results from the consumption of contaminated cereal-based food and feed reported among humans and animals. The food and feed most contaminated with T-2 toxin is made from wheat, barley, rye, oats, and maize. After exposition or ingestion, T-2 is immediately absorbed from the alimentary tract or through the respiratory mucosal membranes and transported to the liver as a primary organ responsible for toxin's metabolism. Depending on the age, way of exposure, and dosage, intoxication manifests by vomiting, feed refusal, stomach necrosis, and skin irritation, which is rarely observed in case of mycotoxins intoxication. In order to eliminate T-2 toxin, various decontamination techniques have been found to mitigate the concentration of T-2 toxin in agricultural commodities. However, it is believed that 100% degradation of this toxin could be not possible. In this review, T-2 toxin toxicity, metabolism, and decontamination strategies are presented and discussed.
在单端孢霉烯族化合物中，T-2 毒素是由不同物种产生的最具毒性的真菌次生代谢物。此外，T-2 是人类和动物食用污染谷物基食物和饲料导致中毒的最常见原因。受 T-2 毒素污染最严重的食物和饲料是用小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和玉米制成的。暴露或摄入后，T-2 会立即从消化道或通过呼吸黏膜被吸收，并作为主要负责毒素代谢的器官被输送到肝脏。根据年龄、暴露方式和剂量的不同，中毒表现为呕吐、拒食、胃坏死和皮肤刺激，在霉菌毒素中毒的情况下很少观察到这些症状。为了消除 T-2 毒素，已经发现了各种净化技术来降低农产品中 T-2 毒素的浓度。然而，人们认为这种毒素不可能 100%降解。在这篇综述中，介绍和讨论了 T-2 毒素的毒性、代谢和净化策略。
