Boniface Pone Kamdem, Ferreira Sabrina Baptista, Kaiser Carlos Roland
Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21949-900, Brazil.
Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21949-900, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Sep 15;191:216-244. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.021. Epub 2016 Jun 11.
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) (A. cordifolia) is widely distributed throughout tropical Africa, where it is used extensively in traditional medicine. Conditions for which the plant has enjoyed wide use are: coughs, gonorrhoea, infertility, prostatitis, bacterial infections, diarrhoea, ulcers, pain, inflammation, fever and bronchial troubles. This review summarizes the achievements of the investigations in traditional uses, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicological profile of A. cordifolia; this review also describes the shortcomings of studies on this herbal drug and thus serves as the basis of further scientific research and development of this traditional herbal drug.
A. cordifolia-related information was collected from various resources including published articles in peer-reviewed journals, unpublished materials, textbooks, government survey reports and scientific databases such as Scifinder®, Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, ACS, Scielo, Web of Science and other web search instruments (Google, Yahoo), published on the subject from 1950 to 2016. 'The Plant List' (www.theplantlist.org) and 'Kew Royal Botanic Gardens' (mpns.kew.org) were used to validate the scientific name of the plant.
The literature revealed several reports on traditional uses, biological activities, chemical constituents and toxicological evaluation of A. cordifolia. The phytochemical information indicates identification of 95 compounds including fatty acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, which exhibited various pharmacological activities such as wound healing, anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulation, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, antiplasmodial and anxiolytic. However, there are still significant gaps in the completeness of our understanding of A. cordifolia bioactivity, therapeutic value, and roles played by each of the numerous phytoconstituents.
The present review indicated that A. cordifolia is a valuable medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological effects. However, further research on the pharmacological mechanism of action of this plant is recommended in order to unravel the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical relevance and toxicity of its extracts as well as constituents.
心叶铁苋菜（Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Muell. Arg.）（大戟科）在热带非洲广泛分布，在当地传统医学中被广泛应用。该植物广泛用于治疗以下病症：咳嗽、淋病、不孕症、前列腺炎、细菌感染、腹泻、溃疡、疼痛、炎症、发热及支气管疾病。本综述总结了心叶铁苋菜在传统用途、民族植物学、植物化学、生物活性及毒理学方面的研究成果；同时也描述了该草药研究存在的不足，从而为进一步开展该传统草药的科学研究与开发提供依据。
收集了与心叶铁苋菜相关的各类信息，包括同行评审期刊上发表的文章、未发表资料、教科书、政府调查报告以及科学数据库，如Scifinder®、Pubmed、Science Direct、Wiley、Springer、ACS、Scielo、Web of Science以及其他网络搜索工具（谷歌、雅虎），时间跨度为1950年至2016年。利用《植物名录》（www.theplantlist.org）和“英国皇家植物园邱园”（mpns.kew.org）对该植物的学名进行验证。
文献揭示了多篇关于心叶铁苋菜传统用途、生物活性、化学成分及毒理学评价的报道。植物化学信息表明已鉴定出95种化合物，包括脂肪酸、萜类、黄酮类、酚酸、生物碱，这些化合物具有多种药理活性，如伤口愈合、抗炎、抗癌、抗氧化、免疫调节、止泻、抗菌、抗抑郁、保肝、抗疟及抗焦虑作用。然而，在我们对心叶铁苋菜生物活性、治疗价值以及众多植物成分各自所起作用的理解完整性方面，仍存在显著差距。
本综述表明心叶铁苋菜是一种具有多种药理作用的珍贵药用植物。然而，建议进一步研究该植物的药理作用机制，以阐明其提取物及成分的药代动力学、药效学、临床相关性及毒性。
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