Heuser Elisa, Fischer Stefan, Ryll René, Mayer-Scholl Anne, Hoffmann Donata, Spahr Carina, Imholt Christian, Alfa Dewi Murni, Fröhlich Andreas, Lüschow Dörte, Johne Reimar, Ehlers Bernhard, Essbauer Sandra, Nöckler Karsten, Ulrich Rainer G
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
Pest Manag Sci. 2017 Feb;73(2):341-348. doi: 10.1002/ps.4339. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
The Norway rat Rattus norvegicus is an important reservoir of various zoonotic pathogens, such as cowpox virus and Leptospira, but also for agents of no or unknown zoonotic potential. We describe a survey of 426 Norway rats originating from five European countries and different habitats for Leptospira spp., rickettsiae, orthopoxvirus (OPV), avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B (aMPV) and rat polyomavirus (rat PyV).
Leptospira DNA was detected in 60 out of 420 (14.3%) rats, and Rickettsia DNA was found in three out of 369 (0.8%) rats investigated. PCR-based typing resulted in the identification of L. interrogans sequence type 17, which corresponds to the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Rickettsia helvetica respectively. Rat PyV DNA was detected in 103 out of 421 (24.5%) rats. OPV DNA and aMPV RNA were detected in none of the rats, but OPV-specific antibodies were detected in three out of 388 (0.8%) rats. The frequency of single Leptospira and rat PyV infections and coinfections was, independent of sex, greater for adults compared with juveniles/subadults and greater at rural sites compared with urban areas.
Study results indicate a broad geographical distribution of Leptospira DNA in rats within Europe, underlining the need to investigate further the potential mechanisms leading to increased prevalence in rural habitats and to assess the relevance to public health. In contrast, rickettsia and OPV infections rarely occurred in wild rat populations. The potential influence of rat PyV on the susceptibility to infections with other pathogens should be investigated in future studies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
褐家鼠是多种人畜共患病原体的重要宿主，如牛痘病毒和钩端螺旋体，同时也是一些无或未知人畜共患病潜力病原体的宿主。我们描述了一项对来自五个欧洲国家和不同栖息地的426只褐家鼠进行的调查，检测其是否感染钩端螺旋体属、立克次氏体、正痘病毒（OPV）、禽偏肺病毒A和B亚型（aMPV）以及大鼠多瘤病毒（大鼠PyV）。
在420只大鼠中的60只（14.3%）检测到钩端螺旋体DNA，在369只接受调查的大鼠中的3只（0.8%）发现立克次氏体DNA。基于PCR的分型鉴定出问号钩端螺旋体序列型17，对应出血性黄疸血清群，以及分别为瑞士立克次氏体。在421只大鼠中的103只（24.5%）检测到大鼠PyV DNA。未在任何大鼠中检测到OPV DNA和aMPV RNA，但在388只大鼠中的3只（0.8%）检测到OPV特异性抗体。单一钩端螺旋体和大鼠PyV感染及合并感染的频率，与性别无关，成年大鼠高于幼年/亚成年大鼠，农村地区高于城市地区。
研究结果表明欧洲大鼠中钩端螺旋体DNA分布广泛，这凸显了进一步研究导致农村栖息地患病率增加的潜在机制以及评估其与公共卫生相关性的必要性。相比之下，立克次氏体和OPV感染在野生大鼠种群中很少发生。未来研究应调查大鼠PyV对其他病原体感染易感性的潜在影响。© 2016化学工业协会。
