Laursen Martin Frederik, Andersen Louise B B, Michaelsen Kim F, Mølgaard Christian, Trolle Ellen, Bahl Martin Iain, Licht Tine Rask
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
mSphere. 2016 Feb 10;1(1). doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00069-15. eCollection 2016 Jan-Feb.
The first years of life are paramount in establishing our endogenous gut microbiota, which is strongly affected by diet and has repeatedly been linked with obesity. However, very few studies have addressed the influence of maternal obesity on infant gut microbiota, which may occur either through vertically transmitted microbes or through the dietary habits of the family. Additionally, very little is known about the effect of diet during the complementary feeding period, which is potentially important for gut microbiota development. Here, the gut microbiotas of two different cohorts of infants, born either of a random sample of healthy mothers (n = 114), or of obese mothers (n = 113), were profiled by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Gut microbiota data were compared to breastfeeding patterns and detailed individual dietary recordings to assess effects of the complementary diet. We found that maternal obesity did not influence microbial diversity or specific taxon abundances during the complementary feeding period. Across cohorts, breastfeeding duration and composition of the complementary diet were found to be the major determinants of gut microbiota development. In both cohorts, gut microbial composition and alpha diversity were thus strongly affected by introduction of family foods with high protein and fiber contents. Specifically, intake of meats, cheeses, and Danish rye bread, rich in protein and fiber, were associated with increased alpha diversity. Our results reveal that the transition from early infant feeding to family foods is a major determinant for gut microbiota development. IMPORTANCE The potential influence of maternal obesity on infant gut microbiota may occur either through vertically transmitted microbes or through the dietary habits of the family. Recent studies have suggested that the heritability of obesity may partly be caused by the transmission of "obesogenic" gut microbes. However, the findings presented here suggest that maternal obesity per se does not affect the overall composition of the gut microbiota and its development after introduction of complementary foods. Rather, progression in complementary feeding is found to be the major determinant for gut microbiota establishment. Expanding our understanding of the influence of complementary diet on the development and establishment of the gut microbiota will provide us with the knowledge to tailor a beneficial progression of our intestinal microbial community.
生命的最初几年对于建立我们体内的肠道微生物群至关重要，肠道微生物群会受到饮食的强烈影响，并且多次被证明与肥胖有关。然而，很少有研究探讨母体肥胖对婴儿肠道微生物群的影响，这种影响可能通过垂直传播的微生物或家庭饮食习惯发生。此外，对于辅食添加期饮食的影响知之甚少，而这对肠道微生物群的发育可能至关重要。在这里，通过16S rRNA扩增子测序对两组不同队列的婴儿肠道微生物群进行了分析，一组婴儿的母亲为随机抽取的健康母亲（n = 114），另一组婴儿的母亲为肥胖母亲（n = 113）。将肠道微生物群数据与母乳喂养模式和详细的个人饮食记录进行比较，以评估辅食的影响。我们发现，在辅食添加期，母体肥胖并不影响微生物多样性或特定分类群的丰度。在不同队列中，母乳喂养持续时间和辅食组成被发现是肠道微生物群发育的主要决定因素。在两个队列中，因此肠道微生物组成和α多样性都受到高蛋白和高纤维家庭食物引入的强烈影响。具体而言，摄入富含蛋白质和纤维的肉类、奶酪和丹麦黑麦面包与α多样性增加有关。我们的结果表明，从婴儿早期喂养到家庭食物的转变是肠道微生物群发育的主要决定因素。重要性母体肥胖对婴儿肠道微生物群的潜在影响可能通过垂直传播的微生物或家庭饮食习惯发生。最近的研究表明，肥胖的遗传性可能部分是由“致肥胖”肠道微生物的传播引起的。然而，这里呈现的结果表明，母体肥胖本身并不影响肠道微生物群的整体组成及其在添加辅食后的发育。相反，辅食添加过程被发现是肠道微生物群建立的主要决定因素。扩展我们对辅食对肠道微生物群发育和建立影响的理解，将为我们提供知识，以调整有益的肠道微生物群落发展进程。
