Anandarajah Seerone, Dudhia Raahib, Sandham Andrew, Sonnesen Liselotte
Angle Orthod. 2017 Jan;87(1):138-146. doi: 10.2319/012616-71.1. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
To analyze which parameters, gathered from standard orthodontic diagnostic material, were most relevant for identifying small pharyngeal airway dimensions in preorthodontic children.
The sample was composed of 105 cone beam computed tomography scans of healthy preorthodontic children (44 boys, 61 girls; mean age, 10.7 ± 2.4 years). Airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were three-dimensionally assessed. Cephalometric features and skeletal maturity were assessed on generated two-dimensional cephalograms. Associations were analyzed and adjusted for age, gender, and skeletal maturity by multiple regression analyses.
Airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were significantly smaller in prepubertal children (P < .001, P < .05, respectively) and positively associated with age (P < .001, P < .01, respectively). After adjustment of age, skeletal maturity and gender significant associations were found between pharyngeal airway dimensions and craniofacial morphology. Airway volume was positively associated with maxillary and mandibular width (P < .01; P < .001, respectively) and anterior face height (P < .05; P < .05, respectively). Minimal cross-sectional area was positively associated with maxillary and mandibular width (P < .01; P < .001, respectively) and negatively associated with sagittal jaw relationship (AnPg, P < .05). Mandibular width and age were the most relevant factors for airway volume (r = 0.36). Mandibular width and sagittal jaw relationship were the most relevant factors for minimal cross-sectional area (r = 0.16).
Pharyngeal airway dimensions were significantly associated with age, skeletal maturity, and craniofacial morphology in all three planes. Children with a reduced mandibular width and increased sagittal jaw relationship are particularly at risk of having small pharyngeal airway dimensions.
分析从标准正畸诊断材料中收集的哪些参数与识别正畸治疗前儿童的小咽气道尺寸最相关。
样本包括105例健康正畸治疗前儿童的锥形束计算机断层扫描（44名男孩，61名女孩；平均年龄10.7±2.4岁）。对气道容积和最小横截面积进行三维评估。在生成的二维头影测量片上评估头影测量特征和骨骼成熟度。通过多元回归分析对年龄、性别和骨骼成熟度进行关联分析和调整。
青春期前儿童的气道容积和最小横截面积明显较小（分别为P <.001，P <.05），且与年龄呈正相关（分别为P <.001，P <.01）。在调整年龄、骨骼成熟度和性别后，发现咽气道尺寸与颅面形态之间存在显著关联。气道容积与上颌和下颌宽度呈正相关（分别为P <.01；P <.001），与前面部高度呈正相关（分别为P <.05；P <.05）。最小横截面积与上颌和下颌宽度呈正相关（分别为P <.01；P <.001），与矢状颌关系呈负相关（AnPg，P <.05）。下颌宽度和年龄是气道容积最相关的因素（r = 0.36）。下颌宽度和矢状颌关系是最小横截面积最相关的因素（r = 0.16）。
咽气道尺寸在所有三个平面上均与年龄、骨骼成熟度和颅面形态显著相关。下颌宽度减小和矢状颌关系增加的儿童尤其有小咽气道尺寸的风险。
