Mares Jiri, Cigler Hynek, Vachkova Eva
Department of Social Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, CZ, Czech Republic.
Department of Psychology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Social Sciences in Brno, Brno, CZ, Czech Republic.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016 Jun 18;14:93. doi: 10.1186/s12955-016-0494-7.
Both prognoses and real demographic trends in developed countries point to the increasing proportion in the population of people above 65 years of age. One of important themes of care for seniors is the assessment of their quality of life. To evaluate the quality of life of seniors three types of tools can be used: general generic tools; generic tools used for the age group of elderly persons; specific tools to detect the quality of life of the elderly who are affected by specific diseases.
The second type of tool is represented by the OPQOL - 35 questionnaire (Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire), which was developed in the UK. It has 35 items and deals with 8 domains of quality of life. With the consent of the author the questionnaire was translated into Czech and verified in a group of 478 seniors aged 60 and above (40 % males, 60 % females). Unlike the British version, the Czech version has seven factors: 1 Role of belief, religion and culture; 2 Health; independence, active life; 3 Financial situation; 4 Family and safe environment; 5 Loneliness; 6 Satisfaction with life; 7 Positive approach to life.
The Czech version has a very good reliability (Cronbach's alpha ranges from .726 to .905). It also has satisfactory validity. The results show that with increasing age and number of health problems the satisfaction of the elderly is declining in all seven domains. Conversely, the degree of autonomy in the way of living is positively associated with the satisfaction of seniors. Old people who live alone at home, are self-sufficient and do not need the help of others, are more satisfied with their quality of life than other seniors (i.e..those who are living with their children, in sheltered accommodation or in homes for the elderly). Single, married seniors and seniors with a partner are happier than the widowed ones.
The questionnaire gives good guidance for assessing the current state of the quality of life of seniors, changes in quality over time and for targeted interventions as well.
发达国家的预后情况和实际人口趋势均表明，65岁以上人口在总人口中的比例不断增加。老年人护理的一个重要主题是对其生活质量的评估。评估老年人生活质量可使用三种类型的工具：通用工具；适用于老年人群体的通用工具；用于检测受特定疾病影响的老年人生活质量的特定工具。
第二类工具以在英国开发的OPQOL - 35问卷（老年人生活质量问卷）为代表。它有35个项目，涉及生活质量的8个领域。经作者同意，该问卷被翻译成捷克语，并在478名60岁及以上的老年人中进行了验证（40%为男性，60%为女性）。与英国版本不同，捷克版本有七个因素：1. 信仰、宗教和文化的作用；2. 健康；独立性、积极生活；3. 财务状况；4. 家庭和安全环境；5. 孤独感；6. 生活满意度；7. 对生活的积极态度。
捷克版本具有非常好的数据可靠性（克隆巴赫系数范围为0.726至0.905）。它也具有令人满意的效度。结果表明，随着年龄的增长和健康问题数量的增加，老年人在所有七个领域的满意度都在下降。相反，生活方式的自主程度与老年人的满意度呈正相关。独自在家生活、自给自足且不需要他人帮助的老年人比其他老年人（即与子女一起生活、住在庇护所或养老院的老年人）对生活质量更满意。单身、已婚和有伴侣的老年人比丧偶的老年人更幸福。
该问卷为评估老年人生活质量的现状、质量随时间的变化以及进行有针对性的干预提供了很好的指导。
