Urbain Paul, Valverde Juan, Jakobsen Jette
Department of Medicine I, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Monaghan Mushrooms Ireland, Tyholland, Monaghan, Ireland.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2016 Sep;71(3):314-21. doi: 10.1007/s11130-016-0562-5.
Commercial mushroom production can expose mushrooms post-harvest to UV light for purposes of vitamin D2 enrichment by converting the naturally occurring provitamin D2 (ergosterol). The objectives of the present study were to artificially simulate solar UV-B doses occurring naturally in Central Europe and to investigate vitamin D2 and vitamin D4 production in sliced Agaricus bisporus (button mushrooms) and to analyse and compare the agaritine content of naturally and artificially UV-irradiated mushrooms. Agaritine was measured for safety aspects even though there is no rationale for a link between UV light exposure and agaritine content. The artificial UV-B dose of 0.53 J/cm(2) raised the vitamin D2 content to significantly (P < 0.001) higher levels of 67.1 ± 9.9 μg/g dry weight (DW) than sun exposure (3.9 ± 0.8 μg/g dry DW). We observed a positive correlation between vitamin D4 and vitamin D2 production (r(2) = 0.96, P < 0.001) after artificial UV irradiation, with vitamin D4 levels ranging from 0 to 20.9 μg/g DW. The agaritine content varied widely but remained within normal ranges in all samples. Irrespective of the irradiation source, agaritine dropped dramatically in conjunction with all UV-B doses both artificial and natural solar, probably due to its known instability. The biological action of vitamin D from UV-exposed mushrooms reflects the activity of these two major vitamin D analogues (D2, D4). Vitamin D4 should be analysed and agaritine disregarded in future studies of UV-exposed mushrooms.
商业蘑菇生产在收获后可将蘑菇暴露于紫外线下，通过转化天然存在的维生素D原（麦角固醇）来富集维生素D2。本研究的目的是人工模拟中欧自然发生的太阳UV-B剂量，研究切片双孢蘑菇（平菇）中维生素D2和维生素D4的产生，并分析和比较天然和人工紫外线照射蘑菇的伞菌氨酸含量。尽管没有理由认为紫外线照射与伞菌氨酸含量之间存在联系，但出于安全考虑仍对伞菌氨酸进行了测量。0.53 J/cm²的人工UV-B剂量使维生素D2含量显著（P < 0.001）提高至67.1±9.9μg/g干重（DW），高于阳光照射（3.9±0.8μg/g干DW）。人工紫外线照射后，我们观察到维生素D4和维生素D2产生之间呈正相关（r² = 0.96，P < 0.001），维生素D4水平范围为0至20.9μg/g DW。所有样品中伞菌氨酸含量差异很大，但仍在正常范围内。无论照射源如何，人工和天然太阳紫外线的所有UV-B剂量都会使伞菌氨酸大幅下降，这可能是由于其已知的不稳定性。紫外线照射蘑菇产生的维生素D的生物学作用反映了这两种主要维生素D类似物（D2、D4）的活性。在未来对紫外线照射蘑菇的研究中，应分析维生素D4并忽略伞菌氨酸。
