Doomernik D E, Kruse R R, Reijnen M M P J, Kozicz T L, Kooloos J G M
Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Department of Surgery, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
J Anat. 2016 Oct;229(4):582-90. doi: 10.1111/joa.12504. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
Over the years, various vascular injection products have been developed to facilitate anatomical dissections. This study aimed to compare the most commonly used vascular injection products in fresh-frozen and formalin-embalmed cadaver specimens. An overview of the properties, advantages and limitations of each substance was given, and a comparison of vascular infusion procedures in both preservation methods was made. A literature search was performed in order to identify the most commonly used vascular injection products. Acrylic paint, latex, gelatin, silicone, Araldite F and Batson's No. 17 were selected for the study. One fresh-frozen and one embalmed cadaver forearm were infused with each injection product according to a uniform protocol. The curing time, skin- and subcutaneous tissue penetration, degree of filling of the arterial tree, extravasations, consistency of the injected vessels during dissection, and the costs of each injection fluid were noted. There was a large variation between the injection fluids in processing- and curing time, colour intensity, flexibility, fragility, elasticity, strength, toxicity and costs. All fluids were suitable for infusion. The penetration of injection fluid into the skin and subcutaneous tissue was significantly better in fresh-frozen specimens (P = 0.002 and P = 0.009, respectively), with significantly smaller branches casted (P = 0.004). Vascular infusion of fresh-frozen cadaver specimens results in a significantly better filled coloured arterial tree, enabling more detail to be achieved and smaller branches casted. The biomechanical properties of fresh-frozen soft tissues are less affected compared with formalin fixation. All the injection fluids studied are suitable for vascular infusion, but their different properties ensure that certain products and procedures are more suitable for specific study purposes.
多年来，已开发出各种血管注射产品以方便解剖。本研究旨在比较新鲜冷冻和福尔马林防腐尸体标本中最常用的血管注射产品。给出了每种物质的特性、优点和局限性概述，并对两种保存方法中的血管灌注程序进行了比较。进行文献检索以确定最常用的血管注射产品。选择丙烯酸漆、乳胶、明胶、硅酮、Araldite F和巴特森17号用于研究。根据统一方案，将每种注射产品注入一具新鲜冷冻和一具防腐尸体的前臂。记录固化时间、皮肤和皮下组织渗透情况、动脉树充盈程度、外渗情况、解剖过程中注射血管的稠度以及每种注射液的成本。注射液在加工和固化时间、颜色强度、柔韧性、脆性、弹性、强度、毒性和成本方面存在很大差异。所有液体都适合灌注。在新鲜冷冻标本中，注射液渗透到皮肤和皮下组织的情况明显更好（分别为P = 0.002和P = 0.009），铸型的分支明显更小（P = 0.004）。新鲜冷冻尸体标本的血管灌注可使彩色动脉树填充得明显更好，能够呈现更多细节且铸型的分支更小。与福尔马林固定相比，新鲜冷冻软组织的生物力学特性受影响较小。所研究的所有注射液都适合血管灌注，但它们不同的特性确保了某些产品和程序更适合特定的研究目的。
