Yamaguchi M
Department of Educational Psychology, Kyoto University.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1989 Feb;59(6):350-6. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.59.350.
This study was designed to explore two aspects (mother-father; woman-man) of Masculinity-Femininity in personality. Sixty-five middle school students, 150 high school students and 219 university students were asked to rate the desirability for them, their fathers and mothers, and society of each of 45 items comprising a questionnaire which described valid characteristics of these two aspects. Analysis of the results revealed that male subjects in all age groups seemed to feel that their fathers desired them to be more masculine (i.e., father and man) than they, themselves, desired. Those of high school and university age also seemed to feel that their mothers and fathers and society desired more motherliness of them than they, themselves, desired. Female high school and university subjects seemed to feel that their fathers and mothers desired much more femininity (mother and woman) and much less masculinity (father and man) than they, themselves, desired.
本研究旨在探讨人格中男性气质-女性气质的两个方面（母亲-父亲；女性-男性）。研究要求65名中学生、150名高中生和219名大学生对一份包含45个项目的问卷中的每一项进行评分，这些项目描述了这两个方面的有效特征，问卷要求他们对自己、父亲、母亲以及社会对这些特征的期望程度进行评分。结果分析显示，所有年龄组的男性受试者似乎都觉得他们的父亲期望他们比他们自己期望的更具男子气概（即像父亲和男性那样）。高中和大学年龄段的男性受试者似乎也觉得他们的母亲、父亲和社会期望他们比他们自己期望的更具母性。高中和大学阶段的女性受试者似乎觉得他们的父亲和母亲期望他们比他们自己期望的更具女性气质（像母亲和女性那样），而期望他们具有的男性气质（像父亲和男性那样）则比他们自己期望的少得多。
