Grote Matthias, Mazurek Nicole, Gräbsch Carolin, Zeilinger Jana, Le Floch Stéphane, Wahrendorf Dierk-Steffen, Höfer Thomas
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Unit Transport of Dangerous Goods, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Unit Transport of Dangerous Goods, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2016 Sep 15;110(1):511-519. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.066. Epub 2016 Jun 21.
Approximately 9.5billiontonnes of goods is transported over the world oceans annually with dry bulk representing the largest cargo group. This paper aims to analyse whether the transport and associated inputs of dry bulks into the sea create a risk for the marine environment. For this purpose, we analyse the international regulatory background concerning environmental protection (MARPOL), estimate quantities and identify inputs of such cargoes into the oceans (accidental and operational), and use available information for hazard assessment. Annually, more than 2.15milliontonnes of dry bulk cargoes are likely to enter the oceans, of which 100,000tonnes are potentially harmful to the marine environment according to the definition included in draft maritime regulation. The assessment of the threat to the marine environment is hampered by a lack of available information on chemical composition, bioavailability and toxicity. Perspectives for amendments of the unsatisfying pollution prevention regulations are discussed.
每年约有95亿吨货物通过世界海洋运输，其中干散货是最大的货物类别。本文旨在分析干散货运输及其相关入海排放是否会对海洋环境构成风险。为此，我们分析了环境保护方面的国际监管背景（《国际防止船舶污染公约》），估算了此类货物入海的数量并确定其排放情况（意外和正常排放），并利用现有信息进行危害评估。每年可能有超过215万吨干散货进入海洋，根据海事法规草案中的定义，其中10万吨可能对海洋环境有害。由于缺乏关于化学成分、生物可利用性和毒性的可用信息，对海洋环境威胁的评估受到阻碍。文中讨论了修订不尽人意的污染预防法规的前景。
