Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University at Albany College of Arts and Sciences, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2016 Sep;3(3):287-301. doi: 10.1007/s40572-016-0099-7.
Early-life social and environmental exposures have independent effects on many child health outcomes. Increasingly, investigators have suggested that these exposures, which commonly co-occur, may have synergistic effects and have thus begun to evaluate if environmental and social factors jointly contribute to child health. This systematic review summarizes findings and methodological approaches across studies examining the interplay between environmental and social exposures in relation to commonly assessed childhood health outcomes: asthma, cognition and behavior, perinatal outcomes, and obesity.
Forty-one studies met the search criteria and were reviewed. Of these, 37, 34, and 29 % of studies focused on asthma, cognition/behavior, and perinatal outcomes, respectively. No study focused on obesity. Across all studies reviewed, 72 % observed significant synergistic associations between social and environmental exposures. Air pollution was the most frequently studied environmental exposure, and socioeconomic status was the most commonly studied social factor. The emerging evidence suggests that social and environmental risks may jointly affect child health. Recommendations for future research are discussed, including enhancing characterization of the social environment and broadening the types of environmental risks assessed.
早期生活中的社会和环境暴露对许多儿童健康结果有独立影响。越来越多的研究人员提出，这些通常共同发生的暴露可能具有协同作用，因此他们开始评估环境和社会因素是否共同影响儿童健康。本系统综述总结了评估环境和社会暴露相互作用与常见评估儿童健康结果（哮喘、认知和行为、围产期结局和肥胖）之间关系的研究结果和方法学方法。
符合检索标准的 41 项研究被纳入综述。其中，37%、34%和 29%的研究分别侧重于哮喘、认知/行为和围产期结局。没有研究关注肥胖。在所有综述研究中，72%观察到社会和环境暴露之间存在显著的协同关联。空气污染是最常研究的环境暴露因素，社会经济地位是最常研究的社会因素。现有证据表明，社会和环境风险可能共同影响儿童健康。讨论了对未来研究的建议，包括增强对社会环境的描述以及拓宽评估的环境风险类型。
