Bobak Anna K, Bennetts Rachel J, Parris Benjamin A, Jansari Ashok, Bate Sarah
Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, UK.
Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, UK.
Cortex. 2016 Sep;82:48-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.003. Epub 2016 May 15.
Previous work has reported the existence of "super-recognisers" (SRs), or individuals with extraordinary face recognition skills. However, the precise underpinnings of this ability have not yet been investigated. In this paper we examine (a) the face-specificity of super recognition, (b) perception of facial identity in SRs, (c) whether SRs present with enhancements in holistic processing and (d) the consistency of these findings across different SRs. A detailed neuropsychological investigation into six SRs indicated domain-specificity in three participants, with some evidence of enhanced generalised visuo-cognitive or socio-emotional processes in the remaining individuals. While superior face-processing skills were restricted to face memory in three of the SRs, enhancements to facial identity perception were observed in the others. Notably, five of the six participants showed at least some evidence of enhanced holistic processing. These findings indicate cognitive heterogeneity in the presentation of superior face recognition, and have implications for our theoretical understanding of the typical face-processing system and the identification of superior face-processing skills in applied settings.
先前的研究报告了“超级识别者”（SRs）的存在，即具有非凡面部识别技能的个体。然而，这种能力的确切基础尚未得到研究。在本文中，我们研究了（a）超级识别的面部特异性，（b）超级识别者对面部身份的感知，（c）超级识别者是否在整体加工方面有所增强，以及（d）这些发现在不同超级识别者之间的一致性。对六名超级识别者进行的详细神经心理学调查表明，三名参与者具有领域特异性，其余个体有一些证据表明其广义视觉认知或社会情感过程有所增强。虽然三名超级识别者的卓越面部加工技能仅限于面部记忆，但在其他超级识别者中观察到面部身份感知有所增强。值得注意的是，六名参与者中有五名至少表现出一些整体加工增强的证据。这些发现表明，在卓越面部识别表现中存在认知异质性，这对我们对典型面部加工系统的理论理解以及在应用环境中识别卓越面部加工技能具有启示意义。
