Autologous preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell sheets improve left ventricular function in a rabbit old myocardial infarction model.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute one of the most powerful tools for therapeutic angiogenesis in infarcted hearts. However, conventional MSC transplantation approaches result in insufficient therapeutic effects due to poor retention of graft cells in severe ischemic diseases. Cell sheet technology has been developed as a new method to prolong graft cell retention even in ischemic tissue. Recently, we demonstrated that hypoxic pretreatment enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cell sheet implantation in infarcted mouse hearts. In this study, we investigated whether hypoxic pretreatment activates the therapeutic functions of bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) sheets and improves cardiac function in rabbit infarcted hearts following autologous transplantation. Production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased in BM-MSC monolayer sheets and it peaked at 48 h under hypoxic culture conditions (2% O2). To examine in vivo effects, preconditioned autologous BM-MSC sheets were implanted into a rabbit old myocardial infarction model. Implantation of preconditioned BM-MSC sheets accelerated angiogenesis in the peri-infarcted area and decreased the infarcted area, leading to improvement of the left ventricular function of the infarcted heart. Importantly, the therapeutic efficacy of the preconditioned BM-MSC sheets was higher than that of standardly cultured sheets. Thus, implantation of autologous preconditioned BM-MSC sheets is a feasible approach for enhancing therapeutic angiogenesis in chronically infarcted hearts.