Ayalaw Sualiha Gebeyaw, Alene Kefyalew Addis, Adane Akilew Awoke
Addis Ababa Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Int Sch Res Notices. 2015 May 26;2015:307810. doi: 10.1155/2015/307810. eCollection 2015.
Background. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among HIV positive children. Methods. A six-year retrospective follow-up study was conducted among HIV infected children aged less than 15 years. Life table was used to estimate the cumulative probability of tuberculosis free survival. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of tuberculosis. Results. A total of 271 HIV positive children were followed for six years and produced 1100.50 person-years of observation. During the follow-up period 52 new TB cases occurred. The overall incidence density of TB was 4.9 per 100 PY. Inappropriate vaccination [AHR: 8.03 (95% CI; 4.61-13.97)], ambulatory functional status [AHR: 1.99 (95% CI; 1.04-3.81)], and having baseline anemia [AHR: 2.23 (95% CI; 1.19-4.15)] were important predictors of time to TB occurrence. Conclusion. TB incidence rate was high. Early diagnosis and treatment of anemia and strengthening immunization program would reduce the risk of TB occurrence.
背景。本研究的目的是确定HIV阳性儿童中结核病的发病率及其预测因素。方法。对15岁以下的HIV感染儿童进行了为期六年的回顾性随访研究。采用生命表估计无结核病生存的累积概率。使用Cox比例风险模型确定结核病的预测因素。结果。共对271名HIV阳性儿童进行了六年的随访，产生了1100.50人年的观察数据。在随访期间，发生了52例新的结核病病例。结核病的总体发病密度为每100人年4.9例。疫苗接种不当[AHR：8.03（95%CI；4.61-13.97）]、非卧床功能状态[AHR：1.99（95%CI；1.04-3.81）]以及基线贫血[AHR：2.23（95%CI；1.19-4.15）]是结核病发生时间的重要预测因素。结论。结核病发病率很高。早期诊断和治疗贫血以及加强免疫规划将降低结核病发生的风险。
