Blank Melissa D, Breland Alison B, Enlow Paul T, Duncan Christina, Metzger Aaron, Cobb Caroline O
Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Oct;24(5):348-355. doi: 10.1037/pha0000083. Epub 2016 Jun 27.
A basic tenet of empirical research on cigarette smoking behavior is the systematic assessment of patterns of use. However, the large majority of extant research relies on smokers' retrospective reports of their average number of cigarettes per day (CPD), a measure that may be variable in terms of reliability and validity. Using data from 3 previously published studies of non-treatment-seeking daily smokers (combined N = 89), this analysis examined the reliability of self-reported CPD, the consistency of returned cigarette butts each day over 4 consecutive 24-hr periods, the validity of self-reported CPD compared with returned cigarette butts, and the relationship of CPD and returned cigarette butts to toxicant exposure. Results showed that self-reported CPD was reliable across telephone and in-person screening interviews (r = .87, p < .01). Although average self-reported CPD and returned cigarette butt counts did not differ significantly, t(87) = -1.5 to 0.3, all ns, butt counts revealed a wider range of variability in daily smoking behavior. In addition, self-reported cigarette use exhibited substantial digit bias (Whipple's index = 413.8), meaning that participants tended to round their estimates to values ending in 0 or 5. Cigarette butt counts, but not self-reported CPD, were significantly associated with exposure to smoke toxicants. However, this former relationship was revealed to be linear, but not curvilinear, in nature. These findings have implications for both research and treatment efforts, as researchers often rely on accurate assessment of CPD to predict a variety of smoking-related outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
吸烟行为实证研究的一个基本原则是对使用模式进行系统评估。然而，绝大多数现有研究依赖吸烟者对其每日平均吸烟量（CPD）的回顾性报告，这一指标在可靠性和有效性方面可能存在变数。利用之前发表的3项针对不寻求治疗的每日吸烟者的研究数据（合并样本量N = 89），本分析考察了自我报告的CPD的可靠性、连续4个24小时期间每天返还的烟蒂数量的一致性、自我报告的CPD与返还烟蒂数量相比的有效性，以及CPD和返还烟蒂数量与毒物暴露的关系。结果显示，在电话和面对面筛查访谈中，自我报告的CPD具有可靠性（r = .87，p < .01）。虽然自我报告的平均CPD与返还烟蒂数量没有显著差异，t(87) = -1.5至0.3，所有样本量均如此，但烟蒂数量显示出每日吸烟行为的变异性范围更广。此外，自我报告的吸烟情况表现出显著的数字偏差（惠普尔指数 = 413.8），这意味着参与者倾向于将他们的估计值四舍五入到以0或5结尾的值。烟蒂数量而非自我报告的CPD与烟雾毒物暴露显著相关。然而，这种前一种关系在本质上是线性的，而非曲线的。这些发现对研究和治疗工作都有启示，因为研究人员经常依靠对CPD的准确评估来预测各种与吸烟相关的结果。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
