Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 9;16(2):166. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020166.
Infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and molds, may threaten the health of swimming pool bathers. Viruses are a major cause of recreationally-associated waterborne diseases linked to pools, lakes, ponds, thermal pools/spas, rivers, and hot springs. They can make their way into waters through the accidental release of fecal matter, body fluids (saliva, mucus), or skin flakes by symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers. We present an updated overview of epidemiological data on viral outbreaks, a project motivated, among other things, by the availability of improved viral detection methodologies. Special attention is paid to outbreak investigations (source of the outbreak, pathways of transmission, chlorination/disinfection). Epidemiological studies on incidents of viral contamination of swimming pools under non-epidemic conditions are also reviewed.
包括细菌、病毒、原生动物和霉菌在内的感染性病原体可能会威胁到游泳池游泳者的健康。病毒是与游泳池、湖泊、池塘、温泉/水疗中心、河流和温泉有关的娱乐性水源疾病的主要原因。病毒可以通过有症状或无症状携带者的粪便、体液（唾液、粘液）或皮肤碎屑的意外释放进入水中。我们提供了关于病毒爆发的流行病学数据的最新概述，这一项目的动机除其他外还包括改进的病毒检测方法的可用性。特别关注爆发调查（爆发源、传播途径、氯化/消毒）。还审查了在非流行条件下游泳池病毒污染事件的流行病学研究。
