Sørensen H T, Nielsen B, Ostergaard Nielsen J
Department of Medicine, Thisted Hospital, Denmark.
Allergy. 1989 May;44(4):288-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb01071.x.
In a retrospective study, all cases of anaphylactic shock (AS) occurring in a hospital catchment area during a 13-year period were analysed. Twenty cases were found, giving an incidence of 3.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, and one patient died. The precipitating agents were penicillin (7 cases), aspirin (3), food (2), and bee or wasp sting (8). The drugs had all been given orally. Penicillin-related AS was much commoner than its incidence reported by the Danish national health authorities. In three cases, previous anaphylactic reactions had occurred to the agent in question. We concluded that AS rarely occurs outside hospital, but that oral penicillin is a more important cause than was previously thought. Many recurring episodes of AS should be preventable, since hypersensitivity tests for both penicillin and hymenoptera venoms are available, and hyposensitization with respect to the latter is feasible.
在一项回顾性研究中，分析了某医院服务区域内13年间发生的所有过敏性休克（AS）病例。共发现20例，发病率为每年每10万居民3.2例，1例患者死亡。诱发因素为青霉素（7例）、阿司匹林（3例）、食物（2例）以及蜜蜂或黄蜂蜇伤（8例）。所有药物均为口服给药。青霉素相关的AS比丹麦国家卫生当局报告的发病率更为常见。有3例患者之前曾对相关药物发生过过敏反应。我们得出结论，AS在医院外很少发生，但口服青霉素是一个比之前认为的更为重要的病因。由于有针对青霉素和膜翅目毒液的过敏试验，并且对后者进行脱敏治疗是可行的，因此许多复发性AS发作应该是可以预防的。
