Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Applied Technology & Research Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation , Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea.
J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Jul 27;64(29):5773-83. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01675. Epub 2016 Jul 13.
Soybeans are an important crop for agriculture and food, resulting in an increase in the range of its application. Recently, soybean leaves have been used not only for food products but also in the beauty industry. To provide useful and global metabolite information on the development of soy-based products, we investigated the metabolic evolution and cultivar-dependent metabolite variation in the leaves of cultivated (Glycine max) and semiwild (G. gracilis) soybean, through a (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach, as they grew from V (vegetative) 1 to R (reproductive) 7 growth stages. The levels of primary metabolites, such as sucrose, amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids, were decreased both in the G. gracilis and G. max leaves. However, the secondary metabolites, such as pinitol, rutin, and polyphenols, were increased while synthesis of glucose was elevated as the leaves grew. When metabolite variations between G. gracilis and G. max are compared, it was noteworthy that rutin and its precursor, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, were found only in G. gracilis but not in G. max. Furthermore, levels of pinitol, proline, β-alanine, and acetic acid, a metabolite related to adaptation toward environmental stress, were different between the two soybean cultivars. These results highlight their distinct metabolism for adaptation to environmental conditions and their intrinsic metabolic phenotype. This study therefore provides important information on the cultivar-dependent metabolites of soybean leaves for better understanding of plant physiology toward the development of soy-based products.
大豆是农业和食品的重要作物，其应用范围不断扩大。最近，大豆叶片不仅用于食品产品，也用于美容行业。为了提供关于大豆基产品开发的有用和全球性代谢物信息，我们通过（1）H NMR 代谢组学方法研究了栽培（Glycine max）和半野生（G. gracilis）大豆叶片的代谢演变和品种依赖性代谢物变化，因为它们从 V（营养）1 到 R（生殖）7 生长阶段生长。初级代谢物（如蔗糖、氨基酸、有机酸和脂肪酸）的水平在 G. gracilis 和 G. max 叶片中均降低。然而，随着叶片的生长，次生代谢物（如 pinitol、芦丁和多酚）增加，葡萄糖的合成增加。当比较 G. gracilis 和 G. max 之间的代谢物变化时，值得注意的是，芦丁及其前体槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷仅存在于 G. gracilis 中，而不存在于 G. max 中。此外，pinitol、脯氨酸、β-丙氨酸和与环境应激适应有关的代谢物乙酸的水平在两个大豆品种之间存在差异。这些结果突出了它们对环境条件的适应的不同代谢，以及它们内在的代谢表型。因此，本研究为更好地理解植物生理学，为大豆基产品的开发提供了关于大豆叶片品种依赖性代谢物的重要信息。
