Park Young Jin, Lee Jong Sung, Park Soyoung, Kim Ye Jin, Mani Vimalraj, Lee Kijong, Kwon Soo Jin, Park Sang Un, Kim Jae Kwang
Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea.
Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju54874, Republic of Korea.
ACS Omega. 2023 Oct 24;8(44):41718-41727. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06043. eCollection 2023 Nov 7.
Although soybean () leaves generate building blocks to produce seeds, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic changes in soybean leaves during the entire growth stages is limited. Here, we investigated the metabolite changes in soybean leaves from five cultivars among four vegetative (V) and eight reproductive (R) stages using metabolite profiling coupled with chemometrics. Principal component analysis (PCA) of all samples showed a clear separation by growth stage. The total amount of monosaccharides and organic acids for energy production were highly detected in the V stage samples, accumulating in concentrations 2.5 and 1.7 times higher than in the R stage samples, respectively. The results of partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed a clear separation from R1 to R5 by the first PLS, suggesting significant alterations in the metabolic networks up to R5. After flowering, the stage of seed formation, R5, was associated with lower levels of most amino acids and an accumulation of phytosterols. The negative correlation observed between amino acids and phytosterol levels suggests a sophisticated coordination between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plant, ensuring and supporting optimal growth ( = -0.50085, = 0.0001). In addition, R-stage samples had decreased monosaccharide levels, indicating redistribution to seeds and senescence-related metabolite changes. Thus, metabolite profiling coupled with chemometrics could be a useful tool for investigating alterations in metabolic networks during various plant growth and development stages. Furthermore, we observed variations in flavonoid contents among the different cultivars. The results could be a basis of further studies on the source-sink interactions in the plant system.
尽管大豆（）叶片能生成用于生产种子的构件，但对大豆叶片在整个生长阶段代谢变化的全面了解仍很有限。在此，我们结合化学计量学，通过代谢物谱分析研究了四个营养生长（V）阶段和八个生殖生长（R）阶段中五个大豆品种叶片的代谢物变化。对所有样本进行主成分分析（PCA）显示，不同生长阶段有明显区分。在V阶段样本中，用于能量生产的单糖和有机酸总量检测值很高，其积累浓度分别比R阶段样本高2.5倍和1.7倍。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS - DA）结果显示，第一个PLS能将R1到R5阶段清晰区分开，这表明直至R5阶段代谢网络有显著变化。开花后，即种子形成阶段R5，与大多数氨基酸水平降低和植物甾醇积累有关。氨基酸水平与植物甾醇水平之间的负相关表明植物碳代谢和氮代谢之间存在复杂的协调关系，以确保并支持最佳生长（ = -0.50085， = 0.0001）。此外，R阶段样本中单糖水平降低，表明其重新分配至种子以及与衰老相关的代谢物变化。因此，结合化学计量学的代谢物谱分析可能是研究植物在不同生长发育阶段代谢网络变化的有用工具。此外，我们观察到不同品种之间类黄酮含量存在差异。这些结果可为进一步研究植物系统中的源 - 库相互作用奠定基础。
