Sperlich Billy, Achtzehn Silvia, de Marées Markus, von Papen Henning, Mester Joachim
Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
Physiol Rep. 2016 Jun;4(12). doi: 10.14814/phy2.12845.
There is a debate on the optimal way of monitoring training loads in elite endurance athletes especially during altitude training camps. In this case report, including nine members of the German national middle distance running team, we describe a practical approach to monitor the psychobiological stress markers during 21 days of altitude training (~2100 m above sea-level) to estimate the training load and to control muscle damage, fatigue, and/or chronic overreaching. Daily examination included: oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, resting heart rate, body mass, body and sleep perception, capillary blood concentration of creatine kinase. Every other day, venous serum concentration of blood urea nitrogen, venous blood concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell were measured. If two or more of the above-mentioned stress markers were beyond or beneath the athlete's normal individual range, the training load of the subsequent training session was reduced. Running speed at 3 mmol L(-1) blood lactate (V3) improved and no athlete showed any signs of underperformance, chronic muscle damage, decrease body and sleep perception as well as activated inflammatory process during the 21 days. The dense screening of biomarkers in the present case study may stimulate further research to identify candidate markers for load monitoring in elite middle- and long-distance runners during a training camp at altitude.
关于精英耐力运动员，尤其是在高原训练营期间监测训练负荷的最佳方法存在争议。在本病例报告中，我们纳入了德国国家中长跑队的9名队员，描述了一种实用的方法，即在海拔约2100米的高原训练21天期间监测心理生物学应激指标，以评估训练负荷并控制肌肉损伤、疲劳和/或慢性过度训练。每日检查包括：血红蛋白氧饱和度、静息心率、体重、身体和睡眠感知、肌酸激酶的毛细血管血浓度。每隔一天测量血尿素氮的静脉血清浓度、血红蛋白的静脉血浓度、血细胞比容、红细胞和白细胞。如果上述两种或更多应激指标超出或低于运动员的正常个体范围，则减少后续训练课的训练负荷。在21天内，血乳酸浓度为3 mmol·L⁻¹时的跑步速度（V3）提高，且没有运动员表现出任何运动能力下降、慢性肌肉损伤、身体和睡眠感知下降以及炎症过程激活的迹象。本病例研究中对应激生物标志物的密集筛查可能会激发进一步的研究，以确定在高原训练营期间精英中长跑运动员负荷监测的候选标志物。
