Acosta Andres M, Kajdacsy-Balla Andre
From Anatomic/Clinical Pathology (Dr Acosta) and Transdisciplinary Pathology (Dr Kajdacsy-Balla), University of Illinois at Chicago Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Jul;140(7):714-7. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0106-RS.
Neuroendocrine tumors represent 0.05% of urinary tract malignancies, and most originate in the bladder. Their pathogenesis is debated, since ureters are thought to lack neuroendocrine cells. Morphologically, most ureteral neuroendocrine tumors demonstrate the typical small cell neuroendocrine appearance, are immunohistochemically positive for synaptophysin/chromogranin A/CD56, and show electron-dense granules by electron microscopy. Clinical presentation is similar to that of other more common ureteral neoplasms. Prognosis is usually dismal, but a multimodal treatment approach including platinum-based adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy seems to be beneficial.
神经内分泌肿瘤占泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的0.05%，且大多数起源于膀胱。其发病机制存在争议，因为输尿管被认为缺乏神经内分泌细胞。形态学上，大多数输尿管神经内分泌肿瘤表现出典型的小细胞神经内分泌外观，免疫组化显示突触素/嗜铬粒蛋白A/CD56呈阳性，并且在电子显微镜下可见电子致密颗粒。临床表现与其他更常见的输尿管肿瘤相似。预后通常较差，但包括铂类辅助或新辅助化疗在内的多模式治疗方法似乎有益。
