Goodwin Belinda C, Browne Matthew, Rockloff Matthew, Loxton Natalie
School of Human, Health, and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg , Australia.
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane , Australia.
J Behav Addict. 2016 Jun;5(2):192-203. doi: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.047.
Background and aims Impulsivity has consistently been associated with over-consumption and addiction. Recent research has reconceptualized impulsivity as a two-dimensional construct ( Dawe, Gullo, & Loxton, 2004 ). This study explores the relationship of the two components of impulsivity, reward drive (RD) and rash impulsivity (RI), on a broad group of 23 hedonic consumption behaviors (e.g., gambling, substance use, eating, and media use). We tentatively grouped the behaviors into three descriptive classes: entertainment, foodstuffs, and illicit activities and substances. Results RD and RI positively predicted elevated levels of consumption in a community sample (N=5,391; 51% female), for the vast majority of the behaviors considered. However, the effect sizes for RD and RI varied significantly depending on the behavior; a pattern that appeared to be at least partially attributable to the class of consumption. Results support the view that RD is related more strongly to the consumption of products that provide social engagement or a sense of increased status; whereas RI better reflects an approach toward illicit or restricted products that are intensely rewarding with clear negative consequences. Discussion and conclusion Results support the utility of the two-factor model of impulsivity in explaining individual differences in patterns of hedonic consumption in the general population. We discuss findings in terms of strengthening current conceptualizations of RI and RD as having distinct implications with respect to health-related behaviors.
背景与目的 冲动性一直与过度消费和成瘾相关。最近的研究将冲动性重新概念化为一个二维结构（道、古洛和洛克斯顿，2004年）。本研究探讨了冲动性的两个组成部分，即奖励驱动（RD）和鲁莽冲动（RI），与23种广泛的享乐消费行为（如赌博、物质使用、饮食和媒体使用）之间的关系。我们初步将这些行为分为三个描述性类别：娱乐、食品以及非法活动和物质。结果 在一个社区样本（N = 5391；51%为女性）中，对于所考虑的绝大多数行为，RD和RI都正向预测了更高水平的消费。然而，RD和RI的效应大小因行为而异；这种模式似乎至少部分归因于消费类别。结果支持了这样一种观点，即RD与提供社交参与或地位提升感的产品消费关联更强；而RI更好地反映了对具有强烈奖励且有明显负面后果的非法或受限产品的一种趋近方式。讨论与结论 结果支持了冲动性双因素模型在解释一般人群享乐消费模式个体差异方面的效用。我们从加强当前对RI和RD的概念化角度讨论研究结果，即它们在与健康相关行为方面具有不同的影响。
