Hammond Jules L, Formisano Nello, Estrela Pedro, Carrara Sandro, Tkac Jan
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
Integrated Systems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Essays Biochem. 2016 Jun 30;60(1):69-80. doi: 10.1042/EBC20150008.
Electrochemical techniques have great promise for low-cost miniaturised easy-to-use portable devices for a wide range of applications-in particular, medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring. Different techniques can be used for biosensing, with amperometric devices taking the central role due to their widespread application in glucose monitoring. In fact, glucose biosensing takes an approximately 70% share of the biosensor market due to the need for diabetic patients to monitor their sugar levels several times a day, making it an appealing commercial market.In this review, we present the basic principles of electrochemical biosensor devices. A description of the different generations of glucose sensors is used to describe in some detail the operation of amperometric sensors and how the introduction of mediators can enhance the performance of the sensors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a technique being increasingly used in devices due to its ability to detect variations in resistance and capacitance upon binding events. Novel advances in electrochemical sensors, due to the use of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, are presented as well as future directions that the field is taking.
电化学技术在用于广泛应用的低成本、小型化、易于使用的便携式设备方面具有巨大潜力，特别是在医学诊断和环境监测领域。不同的技术可用于生物传感，其中电流型设备因其在葡萄糖监测中的广泛应用而占据核心地位。事实上，由于糖尿病患者需要每天多次监测血糖水平，葡萄糖生物传感占据了生物传感器市场约70%的份额，使其成为一个有吸引力的商业市场。在本综述中，我们介绍了电化学生物传感器设备的基本原理。通过描述不同代的葡萄糖传感器，来详细阐述电流型传感器的操作以及引入媒介体如何提高传感器的性能。电化学阻抗谱由于能够检测结合事件时电阻和电容的变化，在设备中越来越多地被使用。还介绍了由于使用碳纳米管和石墨烯等纳米材料而在电化学传感器方面取得的新进展以及该领域的未来发展方向。
