Pachauri Vivek, Ingebrandt Sven
Biomedical Signalling Group, Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibruecken, Germany.
Biomedical Signalling Group, Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibruecken, Germany
Essays Biochem. 2016 Jun 30;60(1):81-90. doi: 10.1042/EBC20150009.
Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) are one of the most abundant classes of electronic sensors for biomolecular detection. Most of the time these sensors are realized as classical ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) having non-metallized gate dielectrics facing an electrolyte solution. In ISFETs, a semiconductor material is used as the active transducer element covered by a gate dielectric layer which is electronically sensitive to the (bio-)chemical changes that occur on its surface. This review will provide a brief overview of the history of ISFET biosensors with general operation concepts and sensing mechanisms. We also discuss silicon nanowire-based ISFETs (SiNW FETs) as the modern nanoscale version of classical ISFETs, as well as strategies to functionalize them with biologically sensitive layers. We include in our discussion other ISFET types based on nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxides and so on. The latest examples of highly sensitive label-free detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules using SiNW FETs and single-cell recordings for drug screening and other applications of ISFETs will be highlighted. Finally, we suggest new device platforms and newly developed, miniaturized read-out tools with multichannel potentiometric and impedimetric measurement capabilities for future biomedical applications.
生物敏感场效应晶体管（BioFETs）是用于生物分子检测的最丰富的电子传感器类别之一。大多数情况下，这些传感器是作为经典的离子敏感场效应晶体管（ISFETs）实现的，其具有面向电解质溶液的未金属化栅极电介质。在ISFETs中，半导体材料用作有源换能元件，其上覆盖有对其表面发生的（生物）化学变化具有电子敏感性的栅极介电层。本综述将简要概述ISFET生物传感器的历史，包括其一般工作概念和传感机制。我们还将讨论基于硅纳米线的ISFET（SiNW FETs），它是经典ISFET的现代纳米级版本，以及用生物敏感层对其进行功能化的策略。我们的讨论还包括基于碳纳米管、金属氧化物等纳米材料的其他ISFET类型。将重点介绍使用SiNW FETs对脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）分子进行高灵敏度无标记检测的最新实例，以及用于药物筛选和ISFETs其他应用的单细胞记录。最后，我们提出了新的器件平台以及新开发的具有多通道电位测量和阻抗测量功能的小型化读出工具，用于未来的生物医学应用。
