Sadighbayan Deniz, Ghafar-Zadeh Ebrahim
Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyYork University Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada.
Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), Lassonde School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyYork University Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada.
IEEE Sens J. 2021 Feb 16;21(9):10219-10230. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3059970. eCollection 2021 May 1.
The coronavirus pandemic is the most challenging incident that people have faced in recent years. Despite the time-consuming and expensive conventional methods, point-of-care diagnostics have a crucial role in deterrence, timely detection, and intensive care of the disease's progress. Hence, this detrimental health emergency persuaded researchers to accelerate the development of highly-scalable diagnostic devices to control the propagation of the virus even in the least developed countries. The strategies exploited for detecting COVID-19 stem from the already designed systems for studying other maladies, particularly viral infections. The present report reviews not only the novel advances in portable diagnostic devices for recognizing COVID-19, but also the previously existing biosensors for detecting other viruses. It discusses their adaptability for identifying surface proteins, whole viruses, viral genomes, host antibodies, and other biomarkers in biological samples. The prominence of different types of biosensors such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical for detecting low viral loads have been underlined. Thus, it is anticipated that this review will assist scientists who have embarked on a competition to come up with more efficient and marketable in-situ test kits for identifying the infection even in its incubation time without sample pretreatment. Finally, a conclusion is provided to highlight the importance of such an approach for monitoring people to combat the spread of such contagious diseases.
冠状病毒大流行是近年来人们面临的最具挑战性的事件。尽管传统方法耗时且昂贵，但即时诊断在疾病进展的威慑、及时检测和重症监护中起着关键作用。因此，这种有害的健康紧急情况促使研究人员加速开发高度可扩展的诊断设备，以便即使在最不发达国家也能控制病毒的传播。用于检测新冠病毒的策略源于已经设计好的用于研究其他疾病，特别是病毒感染的系统。本报告不仅回顾了用于识别新冠病毒的便携式诊断设备的新进展，还回顾了以前用于检测其他病毒的生物传感器。它讨论了它们在识别生物样本中的表面蛋白、完整病毒、病毒基因组、宿主抗体和其他生物标志物方面的适用性。强调了不同类型的生物传感器，如电化学、光学和电学传感器在检测低病毒载量方面的突出作用。因此，预计本综述将有助于那些已投身于竞赛的科学家，以开发出更高效且适销对路的原位检测试剂盒，用于在无需样本预处理的情况下，甚至在感染的潜伏期识别感染。最后得出结论，强调这种方法对于监测人群以抗击此类传染病传播的重要性。
