Shawahna Ramzi, Haddad Aseel, Khawaja Baraa, Raie Rand, Zaneen Sireen, Edais Tasneem
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building: 19, Office: 1340, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Center for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2016 Oct;38(5):1112-23. doi: 10.1007/s11096-016-0338-x. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Background Medication dispensing errors (MDEs) are frequent in community pharmacy practice. A definition of MDEs and scenarios representing MDE situations in Palestinian community pharmacy practice were not previously approached using formal consensus techniques. Objective This study was conducted to achieve consensus on a definition of MDEs and a wide range of scenarios that should or should not be considered as MDEs in Palestinian community pharmacy practice by a panel of community pharmacists. Setting Community pharmacy practice in Palestine. Method This was a descriptive study using the Delphi technique. A panel of fifty community pharmacists was recruited from different geographical locations of the West Bank of Palestine. A three round Delphi technique was followed to achieve consensus on a proposed definition of MDEs and 83 different scenarios representing potential MDEs using a nine-point scale. Main outcome measure Agreement or disagreement of a panel of community pharmacists on a proposed definition of MDEs and a series of scenarios representing potential MDEs. Results In the first Delphi round, views of key contact community pharmacists on MDEs were explored and situations representing potential MDEs were collected. In the second Delphi round, consensus was achieved to accept the proposed definition and to include 49 (59 %) of the 83 proposed scenarios as MDEs. In the third Delphi round, consensus was achieved to include further 13 (15.7 %) scenarios as MDEs, exclude 9 (10.8 %) scenarios and the rest of 12 (14.5 %) scenarios were considered equivocal based on the opinions of the panelists. Conclusion Consensus on a definition of MDEs and scenarios representing MDE situations in Palestinian community pharmacy practice was achieved using a formal consensus technique. The use of consensual definitions and scenarios representing MDE situations in community pharmacy practice might minimize methodological variations and their significant effects on the number and rate of MDEs reported in different studies.
背景 药品调配差错（MDEs）在社区药房实践中很常见。此前尚未采用正式的共识技术来探讨巴勒斯坦社区药房实践中MDEs的定义以及代表MDE情况的场景。目的 本研究旨在让一组社区药剂师就巴勒斯坦社区药房实践中MDEs的定义以及一系列应被视为或不应被视为MDEs的广泛场景达成共识。地点 巴勒斯坦的社区药房实践。方法 这是一项采用德尔菲技术的描述性研究。从巴勒斯坦西岸不同地理位置招募了50名社区药剂师组成一个小组。采用三轮德尔菲技术，就MDEs的拟议定义以及83种代表潜在MDEs的不同场景，使用九点量表达成共识。主要结局指标 社区药剂师小组对MDEs的拟议定义以及一系列代表潜在MDEs的场景的同意或不同意情况。结果 在第一轮德尔菲调查中，探讨了关键联络社区药剂师对MDEs的看法，并收集了代表潜在MDEs的情况。在第二轮德尔菲调查中，达成共识接受拟议定义，并将83个拟议场景中的49个（59%）列为MDEs。在第三轮德尔菲调查中，达成共识将另外13个（15.7%）场景列为MDEs，排除9个（10.8%）场景，其余12个（14.5%）场景根据小组成员的意见被视为模棱两可。结论 采用正式的共识技术，就巴勒斯坦社区药房实践中MDEs的定义以及代表MDE情况的场景达成了共识。在社区药房实践中使用关于MDEs情况的共识定义和场景可能会尽量减少方法上的差异及其对不同研究中报告的MDEs数量和发生率的重大影响。
