Haus Erhard, Reinberg Alain, Mauvieux Benoît, Le Floc'h Nadine, Sackett-Lundeen Linda, Touitou Yvan
a Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology , University of Minnesota, HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research , Minneapolis , MN , USA.
b Department of Pathology , Regions Hospital, St. Paul , MN , USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(8):1018-36. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1167079. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
Why are some healthy male shift workers (SWers) overweight [body mass index (BMI) >25 and <30] if not obese (BMI >30)? Seven risk factors potentially causing overweight and obesity were evaluated, namely (1) age, (2) physical/sports activity, (3) length of exposure to shift work (SW), (4) speed of shift rotation, (5) tolerance to SW, (6) internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms and (8) night eating (nocturnal nibbling). "New" as well as "old" data, acquired from longitudinal and individual time series of 5-56 days recording span, were reanalyzed. The data were analyzed from a set of field studies of 67 SWers and 53 non-shift workers (non-SWers). To estimate the respective weight of these factors, a multiple regression analysis (MRA) was used among other statistical tools. A similar age-related increase in BMI was validated (with p < 0.001) in both SWers and non-SWers. However, in SWers, desynchronization of rhythms increases the effect of age on BMI. Length of exposure to SW, tolerance to SW and speed of rotation do not seem to play a role as risk factors. Major effects are likely to relate to a sedentary lifestyle (lack of regular physical or sport activities) (MRA with p < 0.01), as well as, presumably, to a nocturnal nibbling of carbohydrates, which mimics the night eating syndrome.
为什么一些健康的男性轮班工作者（SWers）即便没有肥胖（身体质量指数[BMI]>30），却超重（BMI>25且<30）呢？我们评估了七个可能导致超重和肥胖的风险因素，即（1）年龄，（2）身体活动/体育运动，（3）轮班工作（SW）的暴露时长，（4）轮班轮换速度，（5）对SW的耐受性，（6）昼夜节律的内部不同步以及（8）夜间进食（夜间少量进食）。对从记录时长为5 - 56天的纵向和个体时间序列中获取的“新”数据以及“旧”数据进行了重新分析。这些数据来自对67名SWers和53名非轮班工作者（非SWers）的一组现场研究。为了估计这些因素各自的影响程度，除其他统计工具外，还使用了多元回归分析（MRA）。在SWers和非SWers中均验证了BMI随年龄增长的类似趋势（p<0.001）。然而，在SWers中，节律不同步会增加年龄对BMI的影响。SW的暴露时长、对SW的耐受性和轮换速度似乎并非风险因素。主要影响可能与久坐不动的生活方式（缺乏规律的身体活动或体育运动）有关（MRA，p<0.01），大概还与夜间少量进食碳水化合物有关，这类似于夜间进食综合征。
