Macieszczak Katarzyna, Guţă Mădălin, Lesanovsky Igor, Garrahan Juan P
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Jun 17;116(24):240404. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.240404. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
By generalizing concepts from classical stochastic dynamics, we establish the basis for a theory of metastability in Markovian open quantum systems. Partial relaxation into long-lived metastable states-distinct from the asymptotic stationary state-is a manifestation of a separation of time scales due to a splitting in the spectrum of the generator of the dynamics. We show here how to exploit this spectral structure to obtain a low dimensional approximation to the dynamics in terms of motion in a manifold of metastable states constructed from the low-lying eigenmatrices of the generator. We argue that the metastable manifold is in general composed of disjoint states, noiseless subsystems, and decoherence-free subspaces.
通过归纳经典随机动力学中的概念，我们为马尔可夫开放量子系统中的亚稳态理论奠定了基础。部分弛豫到与渐近稳态不同的长寿命亚稳态是由于动力学生成器谱的分裂导致时间尺度分离的一种表现。我们在此展示如何利用这种谱结构，根据由生成器的低阶本征矩阵构建的亚稳态流形中的运动，获得动力学的低维近似。我们认为，亚稳态流形通常由不相交的态、无噪声子系统和退相干自由子空间组成。
