García-Bajos Elvira, Migueles Malen
a Faculty of Psychology , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , San Sebastián , Spain.
Cogn Emot. 2017 Sep;31(6):1260-1267. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1204988. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
We studied retrieval-induced forgetting for past or future autobiographical experiences. In the study phase, participants were given cues to remember past autobiographical experiences or to think about experiences that may occur in the future. In both conditions, half of the experiences were positive and half negative. In the retrieval-practice phase, for past and future experiences, participants retrieved either half of the positive or negative experiences using cued recall, or capitals of the world (control groups). Retrieval practice produced recall facilitation and enhanced memory for the practised positive and negative past and future experiences. While retrieval practice on positive experiences did not impair the recall of other positive experiences, we found inhibition for negative past and future experiences when participants practised negative experiences. Furthermore, retrieval practice on positive future experiences inhibited negative future experiences. These positivity biases for autobiographical memory may have practical implications for treatment of emotional disorders.
我们研究了对过去或未来自传体经历的提取诱发遗忘。在研究阶段，参与者会收到提示，以回忆过去的自传体经历或思考未来可能发生的经历。在这两种情况下，一半的经历是积极的，一半是消极的。在提取练习阶段，对于过去和未来的经历，参与者通过线索回忆提取一半的积极或消极经历，或者回忆世界各国首都（对照组）。提取练习促进了回忆，并增强了对练习过的积极和消极过去及未来经历的记忆。虽然对积极经历的提取练习并未损害对其他积极经历的回忆，但我们发现，当参与者练习消极经历时，对消极的过去和未来经历存在抑制作用。此外，对积极未来经历的提取练习抑制了消极未来经历。这些自传体记忆中的积极偏向可能对情绪障碍的治疗具有实际意义。
