de Vries Natasja L, Swets Marloes, Vahrmeijer Alexander L, Hokland Marianne, Kuppen Peter J K
Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Build. 1242, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Jun 29;17(7):1030. doi: 10.3390/ijms17071030.
Although most cancer types have been viewed as immunologically silent until recently, it has become increasingly clear that the immune system plays key roles in the course of tumor development. Remarkable progress towards understanding cancer immunogenicity and tumor-immune system interactions has revealed important implications for the design of novel immune-based therapies. Natural immune responses, but also therapeutic interventions, can modulate the tumor phenotype due to selective outgrowth of resistant subtypes. This is the result of heterogeneity of tumors, with genetic instability as a driving force, and obviously changes the immunogenicity of tumors. In this review, we discuss the immunogenicity of colorectal cancer (CRC) in relation to tumor development and treatment. As most tumors, CRC activates the immune system in various ways, and is also capable of escaping recognition and elimination by the immune system. Tumor-immune system interactions underlie the balance between immune control and immune escape, and may differ in primary tumors, in the circulation, and in liver metastases of CRC. Since CRC immunogenicity varies between tumors and individuals, novel immune-based therapeutic strategies should not only anticipate the molecular profile, but also the immunological profile of a specific tumor.
直到最近，大多数癌症类型都被视为免疫沉默的，但越来越明显的是，免疫系统在肿瘤发展过程中起着关键作用。在理解癌症免疫原性和肿瘤 - 免疫系统相互作用方面取得的显著进展揭示了新型免疫疗法设计的重要意义。由于耐药亚型的选择性生长，天然免疫反应以及治疗干预都可以调节肿瘤表型。这是肿瘤异质性的结果，其驱动力是基因不稳定，并且明显改变了肿瘤的免疫原性。在本综述中，我们讨论结直肠癌（CRC）的免疫原性与肿瘤发展和治疗的关系。与大多数肿瘤一样，CRC以各种方式激活免疫系统，并且也能够逃避免疫系统的识别和清除。肿瘤 - 免疫系统相互作用是免疫控制和免疫逃逸之间平衡的基础，并且在CRC的原发性肿瘤、循环系统和肝转移中可能有所不同。由于CRC的免疫原性在肿瘤和个体之间存在差异，新型免疫治疗策略不仅应预测特定肿瘤的分子特征，还应预测其免疫特征。
