Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan.
Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Sep;68:741-772. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.036. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is traditionally classified as a movement disorder because patients mainly complain about motor symptoms. Recently, non-motor symptoms of PD have been recognized by clinicians and scientists as early signs of PD, and they are detrimental factors in the quality of life in advanced PD patients. It is crucial to comprehensively understand the essence of behavioral assessments, from the simplest measurement of certain symptoms to complex neuropsychological tasks. We have recently reviewed behavioral assessments in PD research with animal models (Asakawa et al., 2016). As a companion volume, this article will systematically review the behavioral assessments of motor and non-motor PD symptoms of human patients in current research. The major aims of this article are: (1) promoting a comparative understanding of various behavioral assessments in terms of the principle and measuring indexes; (2) addressing the major strengths and weaknesses of these behavioral assessments for a better selection of tasks/tests in order to avoid biased conclusions due to inappropriate assessments; and (3) presenting new concepts regarding the development of wearable devices and mobile internet in future assessments. In conclusion we emphasize the importance of improving the assessments for non-motor symptoms because of their complex and unique mechanisms in human PD brains.
帕金森病（PD）传统上被归类为运动障碍，因为患者主要抱怨运动症状。最近，临床医生和科学家已经认识到 PD 的非运动症状是 PD 的早期迹象，并且它们是晚期 PD 患者生活质量的不利因素。全面了解行为评估的本质至关重要，从对某些症状的最简单测量到复杂的神经心理学任务。我们最近（Asakawa 等人，2016 年）回顾了 PD 动物模型研究中的行为评估。作为姊妹篇，本文将系统地回顾当前研究中人类 PD 患者的运动和非运动 PD 症状的行为评估。本文的主要目的是：（1）促进对各种行为评估在原理和测量指标方面的比较理解；（2）解决这些行为评估的主要优缺点，以便更好地选择任务/测试，以避免由于不适当的评估而得出有偏差的结论；（3）提出未来评估中关于可穿戴设备和移动互联网发展的新概念。总之，我们强调了改善非运动症状评估的重要性，因为它们在人类 PD 大脑中具有复杂而独特的机制。
