Resnik David B
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 Alexander Drive, Mail Drop E1-06, Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
Health Care Anal. 2018 Mar;26(1):66-80. doi: 10.1007/s10728-016-0326-2.
The idea that research with human participants should benefit society has become firmly entrenched in various regulations, policies, and guidelines, but there has been little in-depth analysis of this ethical principle in the bioethics literature. In this paper, I distinguish between strong and weak versions and the social benefits principle and examine six arguments for it. I argue that while it is always ethically desirable for research with human subjects to offer important benefits to society (or the public), the reasonable expectation of substantial public benefit should be a necessary condition for regarding research as ethical only when (a) it imposes more than minimal risks on non-consenting subjects; or (b) it is supported by public resources.
涉及人类受试者的研究应造福社会这一理念已在各种法规、政策和指导方针中牢固确立，但生物伦理学文献中对这一伦理原则的深入分析却很少。在本文中，我区分了社会效益原则的强版本和弱版本，并审视了支持该原则的六个论点。我认为，虽然涉及人类受试者的研究能为社会（或公众）带来重要益处，这在伦理上总是可取的，但只有在以下情况下，对可观公共利益的合理期望才应成为将研究视为符合伦理的必要条件：（a）研究给不同意参与的受试者带来的风险超过最低限度；或（b）研究得到公共资源的支持。
