Taipale Joona
Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland.
Front Psychol. 2016 Jun 15;7:889. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00889. eCollection 2016.
In the available psychological literature, affect regulation is fundamentally considered in terms of self-regulation, and according to this standard picture, the contribution of other people in our affect regulation has been viewed in terms of socially assisted self-regulation. The present article challenges this standard picture. By focusing on affect regulation as it unfolds in early infancy, it will be argued that instead of being something original and fundamental, self-regulation developmentally emerges from the basis of a further type of affect regulation. While infants' capacities in recognizing, understanding, and modifying their own affective states are initially immature and undeveloped, affect regulation is initially managed by the other: it is initially the self, and not the other, that plays the role of an assistant in affect regulation. To capture this phenomenon, the concepts of "auto-matic," "hetero-matic," and "altero-matic" affect regulation will be introduced and their interrelations elaborated. By showing how the capacity of affective self-regulation, which is characteristic to maturity, is developmentally achieved by internalizing regulative functions that, at the outset of development, are managed by the caregiver, it will be argued that altero-matic affect regulation is an autonomous type of affect regulation and the developmental basis for self-regulation.
在现有的心理学文献中，情感调节基本上是从自我调节的角度来考虑的。根据这一标准观点，他人在我们情感调节中的作用一直被视为社会辅助性自我调节。本文对这一标准观点提出了挑战。通过关注情感调节在婴儿早期的发展过程，我们将论证，自我调节并非是原始且根本的，而是在另一种情感调节的基础上发展而来的。虽然婴儿识别、理解和改变自身情感状态的能力最初并不成熟且未得到发展，但情感调节最初是由他人来管理的：在情感调节中，最初扮演辅助角色的是他人，而非自我。为了描述这一现象，我们将引入“自动性”“他动性”和“互动性”情感调节的概念，并阐述它们之间的相互关系。通过展示成熟所特有的情感自我调节能力是如何通过内化在发展初期由照顾者管理的调节功能而在发展过程中实现的，我们将论证互动性情感调节是一种自主的情感调节类型，也是自我调节的发展基础。
