Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dev Sci. 2018 Nov;21(6):e12689. doi: 10.1111/desc.12689. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
The main aim of this study was to test whether mothers' (n = 116) and fathers' (n = 116) mind-mindedness predicts infants' physiological emotion regulation (heart rate variability; HRV) across the first year of life. Three hypotheses were examined: (a) parents' mind-mindedness at 4 and 12 months predicts infants' HRV at 12 months over and above infants' initial HRV levels at 4 months, (b) mothers' and fathers' mind-mindedness independently predict infant HRV, and (c) the effects of mind-mindedness on infant HRV (partially) operate via parenting behaviour. Infants' HRV was assessed during rest and a stranger approach. Mind-mindedness was assessed by calculating the proportions of appropriate and non-attuned mind-related comments during free-play interactions, and parenting quality was observed at 4 and 12 months in the same interactions. Path analyses showed that mothers' appropriate mind-related comments at 4 and 12 months predicted higher baseline HRV at 12 months, whereas mothers' non-attuned comments predicted lower baseline HRV at 12 months. Similar, but concurrent, relations were found for fathers' appropriate and non-attuned mind-related comments and infant baseline HRV at 12 months. In addition, fathers' appropriate mind-related comments showed an indirect association with infant baseline HRV at 12 months via fathers' parenting quality. With regard to infant HRV reactivity during the stranger approach, mothers' appropriate mind-related comments at 4 months and fathers' non-attuned mind-related comments at 12 months predicted a larger HRV decline during the stranger approach at 12 months. Infants' HRV at 4 months did not predict parents' later mind-mindedness. The results indicate that mothers' and fathers' appropriate and non-attuned mind-related speech uniquely impacts the development of infants' physiological emotion regulation.
这项研究的主要目的是检验母亲（n=116）和父亲（n=116）的心智化是否能预测婴儿在生命的第一年的生理情绪调节（心率变异性；HRV）。检验了三个假设：（a）父母在 4 个月和 12 个月时的心智化预测婴儿在 12 个月时的 HRV，超过婴儿在 4 个月时的初始 HRV 水平，（b）母亲和父亲的心智化独立预测婴儿的 HRV，（c）心智化对婴儿 HRV 的影响（部分）通过养育行为起作用。在休息和陌生人接近时评估婴儿的 HRV。心智化通过在自由玩耍互动中计算适当和不匹配的与心智相关的评论的比例来评估，在相同的互动中，在 4 个月和 12 个月观察养育质量。路径分析表明，母亲在 4 个月和 12 个月时的适当的与心智相关的评论预测婴儿在 12 个月时的基线 HRV 更高，而母亲的不匹配的评论预测婴儿在 12 个月时的基线 HRV 更低。类似的，但是并发的关系，也适用于父亲的适当和不匹配的与心智相关的评论以及婴儿在 12 个月时的基线 HRV。此外，父亲的适当的与心智相关的评论通过父亲的养育质量与婴儿在 12 个月时的基线 HRV 呈间接关联。关于婴儿在陌生人接近时的 HRV 反应性，母亲在 4 个月时的适当的与心智相关的评论和父亲在 12 个月时的不匹配的与心智相关的评论预测婴儿在 12 个月时陌生人接近时的 HRV 下降更大。婴儿在 4 个月时的 HRV 不能预测父母后来的心智化。结果表明，母亲和父亲的适当和不匹配的与心智相关的言语独特地影响婴儿生理情绪调节的发展。
