Hanley Brian, Bissas Athanassios
a School of Sport, Carnegie Faculty , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2017 May;35(10):960-966. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1206662. Epub 2016 Jul 8.
The aim of this study was to analyse lower limb work patterns in world-class race walkers. Seventeen male and female athletes race walked at competitive pace. Ground reaction forces (1000 Hz) and high-speed videos (100 Hz) were recorded and normalised joint moments, work and power, stride length, stride frequency and speed estimated. The hip flexors and extensors were the main generators of energy (24.5 J (±6.9) and 40.3 J (±8.3), respectively), with the ankle plantarflexors (16.3 J (±4.3)) contributing to the energy generated during late stance. The knee generated little energy but performed considerable negative work during swing (-49.1 J (±8.7)); the energy absorbed by the knee extensors was associated with smaller changes in velocity during stance (r = .783, P < .001), as was the energy generated by the hip flexors (r = -.689, P = .002). The knee flexors did most negative work (-38.6 J (±5.8)) and the frequent injuries to the hamstrings are probably due to this considerable negative work. Coaches should note the important contributions of the hip and ankle muscles to energy generation and the need to develop knee flexor strength in reducing the risk of injury.
本研究的目的是分析世界级竞走运动员的下肢工作模式。17名男女运动员以竞技速度进行竞走。记录地面反作用力（1000Hz）和高速视频（100Hz），并估计归一化关节力矩、功和功率、步长、步频和速度。髋屈肌和伸肌是主要的能量产生者（分别为24.5J（±6.9）和40.3J（±8.3）），踝跖屈肌（16.3J（±4.3））在站立后期对产生的能量有贡献。膝关节产生的能量很少，但在摆动期进行了相当多的负功（-49.1J（±8.7））；膝关节伸肌吸收的能量与站立期速度变化较小有关（r = 0.783，P < 0.001），髋屈肌产生的能量也是如此（r = -0.689，P = 0.002）。膝关节屈肌做的负功最多（-38.6J（±5.8）），而腘绳肌频繁受伤可能是由于这种相当大的负功。教练应注意髋部和踝部肌肉对能量产生的重要贡献，以及发展膝关节屈肌力量以降低受伤风险的必要性。
