Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Universite d'Orleans France, 45071 Orleans Cedex, France.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(2):260-275. doi: 10.2174/1570159x14666160709001441.
Neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders are multifactorial diseases (i.e., involving neurodevelopmental, genetic, age or environmental factors) characterized by an abnormal development that affects neuronal function and integrity. Recently, an increasing number of studies revealed that the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved in the etiology of cognitive disorders as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington's diseases, Schizophrenia and Autism spectrum disorders.
From an extensive search in bibliographic databases of peer-reviewed research literature, we identified relevant published studies related to specific key words such as memory, cognition, neurodegenerative disorders, neurogenesis and miRNA. We then analysed, evaluated and summerized scientific evidences derived from these studies.
We first briefly summarize the basic molecular events involved in memory, a process inherent to cognitive disease, and then describe the role of miRNAs in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and memory. Secondly, we provide an overview of the impact of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of different neurocognitive disorders, and lastly discuss the feasibility of miRNA-based therapeutics in the treatment of these disorders.
This review highlights the molecular basis of neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders by focusing on the impact of miRNAs dysregulation in these pathological phenotypes. Altogether, the published reports suggest that miRNAs-based therapy could be a viable therapeutic alternative to current treatment options in the future.
神经退行性和认知障碍是多因素疾病（即涉及神经发育、遗传、年龄或环境因素），其特征是异常发育，影响神经元功能和完整性。最近，越来越多的研究表明，microRNAs（miRNAs）的失调可能与认知障碍的病因有关，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病、精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍。
我们从同行评议的研究文献的广泛文献数据库中进行了搜索，确定了与特定关键词（如记忆、认知、神经退行性疾病、神经发生和 miRNA）相关的已发表研究。然后，我们分析、评估和总结了这些研究得出的科学证据。
我们首先简要总结了记忆过程中涉及的基本分子事件，记忆是认知疾病固有的过程，然后描述了 miRNAs 在神经发育、突触可塑性和记忆中的作用。其次，我们概述了 miRNA 失调对不同神经认知障碍发病机制的影响，最后讨论了 miRNA 为基础的治疗在治疗这些障碍中的可行性。
本综述通过关注 miRNA 失调对这些病理表型的影响，强调了神经退行性和认知障碍的分子基础。总之，已发表的报告表明，基于 miRNAs 的治疗可能是未来替代当前治疗选择的可行治疗方法。
