Kitay G, Shafer N
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City.
Nurse Pract. 1989 Jun;14(6):35-8, 43, 46.
Cafe coronary or foreign body upper airway obstruction claims more than 3,000 deaths each year in the United States. Early recognition of airway obstruction is imperative, because hypoxia of only four to six minutes' duration may result in irreversible brain damage. Fortunately, the foreign body preventing adequate air exchange can often be dislodged and expelled once the correct emergency procedures are implemented. The Heimlich maneuver or external subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrust is recognized as the basic procedure for relief of complete larynx/trachea obstruction. This technique, by elevating the diaphragm, can force a sufficient quantity of air from the lungs to create an artificial cough that is often of adequate force and duration to expel the obstructing foreign body from the airway. If non-invasive procedures prove to be ineffective, a cricothyrotomy should be performed by trained rescuers. Many of the victims of foreign body airway obstruction are either children or elderly. Most foreign body airway obstruction deaths can be avoided if the rescuer has been trained in the proper treatment.
在美国，“咖啡冠状动脉综合征”或异物导致的上呼吸道梗阻每年造成超过3000人死亡。必须尽早识别气道梗阻，因为仅持续4至6分钟的缺氧就可能导致不可逆转的脑损伤。幸运的是，一旦实施正确的急救程序，阻碍充分空气交换的异物通常可以被排出。海姆立克急救法或体外膈下腹部冲击法被公认为缓解完全性喉/气管梗阻的基本方法。该技术通过抬高膈肌，可迫使足够量的空气从肺部排出，产生一种人工咳嗽，其力量和持续时间通常足以将阻塞气道的异物排出。如果无创操作被证明无效，训练有素的救援人员应进行环甲膜切开术。气道异物梗阻的受害者大多是儿童或老年人。如果救援人员接受过正确治疗的培训，大多数气道异物梗阻导致的死亡是可以避免的。
