Kim Loan Pham, Koleilat Maria, Whaley Shannon E
Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA.
California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA.
J Pregnancy. 2016;2016:4569742. doi: 10.1155/2016/4569742. Epub 2016 Jun 15.
Women of reproductive age are particularly at risk of obesity because of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention, resulting in poor health outcomes for both mothers and infants. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine perceptions and barriers to GWG among low-income women in the WIC program to inform the development of an intervention study. Eleven focus groups were conducted and stratified by ethnicity, and each group included women of varying age, parity, and prepregnancy BMI ranges. Participants reported receiving pressure from spouse and family members to "eat for two" among multiple barriers to appropriate weight gain during pregnancy. Participants were concerned about gaining too much weight but had minimal knowledge of weight gain goals during pregnancy. Receiving regular weight monitoring was reported, but participants had inconsistent discussions about weight gain with healthcare providers. Most were not aware of the IOM guidelines nor the fact that gestational weight gain goals differed by prepregnancy weight status. Results of these focus groups analyses informed the design of a pregnancy weight tracker and accompanying educational handout for use in an intervention study. These findings suggest an important opportunity for GWG education in all settings where pregnant women are seen.
育龄女性因孕期体重过度增加（GWG）和产后体重滞留而特别容易肥胖，这会对母亲和婴儿的健康产生不良影响。这项定性研究的目的是调查参加妇女、婴儿与儿童营养补充计划（WIC）的低收入女性对孕期体重增加的看法和障碍，为一项干预研究的开展提供信息。研究开展了11个焦点小组，并按种族进行分层，每个小组都包括不同年龄、生育次数和孕前体重指数范围的女性。参与者报告称，在孕期适当增重的多重障碍中，她们受到配偶和家庭成员要求“一人吃两人份”的压力。参与者担心体重增加过多，但对孕期增重目标了解甚少。据报告，参与者接受了定期体重监测，但她们与医疗服务提供者关于体重增加的讨论并不一致。大多数人不知道美国医学研究所（IOM）的指南，也不知道孕期增重目标因孕前体重状况而异。这些焦点小组分析的结果为一项干预研究中使用的孕期体重追踪器及配套教育手册的设计提供了信息。这些发现表明，在所有有孕妇就诊的场所，都有开展孕期体重增加教育的重要机会。
