Agu Remigius U
Biopharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Lab, College of Pharmacy, 5968 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Ther Deliv. 2016 Jul;7(7):495-510. doi: 10.4155/tde-2016-0022.
The nasal route is commonly used for local delivery of drugs to treat inflammatory conditions. It is also an attractive route for systemic delivery of some drugs. Irrespective of intended use, administered drugs must permeate the epithelial or olfactory membrane to be effective. The enthusiasm for potential use of the nasal route for systemic drug delivery has not been met by comparable success. In this paper, the anatomical and physiological attributes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses important for drug delivery and challenges limiting drug absorption are discussed. Efforts made so far in improving nasal drug absorption such as overcoming restrictive nasal geometry and paranasal sinuses accessibility, mucociliary clearance, absorption barriers, metabolism and drug physicochemical challenges are discussed. Highlights on future prospects of nasal drug delivery/absorption were discussed.
鼻腔途径通常用于局部给药以治疗炎症性疾病。它也是一些药物全身给药的理想途径。无论预期用途如何，给药药物都必须穿透上皮或嗅膜才能发挥作用。鼻腔途径用于全身药物递送的潜在用途的热情尚未取得相应的成功。本文讨论了鼻腔和鼻窦对药物递送重要的解剖学和生理学特性以及限制药物吸收的挑战。还讨论了迄今为止在改善鼻腔药物吸收方面所做的努力，例如克服鼻腔几何形状和鼻窦可及性的限制、黏液纤毛清除、吸收屏障、代谢和药物物理化学方面的挑战。文中还讨论了鼻腔药物递送/吸收的未来前景要点。
