Muratori Pietro, Lochman John E, Lai Elisa, Milone Annarita, Nocentini Annalaura, Pisano Simone, Righini Elisabetta, Masi Gabriele
IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone (Pisa), Italy.
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Compr Psychiatry. 2016 Aug;69:202-10. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
Several studies suggested that in addition to child-driven factors (i.e., temperamental style), parenting behavior can, at least in part, influence the maintenance of Callous Unemotional (CU) traits in children; however, more information is needed to distinguish which styles (negative parenting or lack of positive parenting) predict increased levels of CU traits. The aim of the present treatment study was to examine which components of parenting are longitudinally associated with levels of CU traits in children with a disruptive behavior disorder diagnosis.
The current study examined cross-lagged reciprocal effects models between positive and negative parenting practices, and the levels of child CU traits over three time points, including both positive and negative dimensions of parenting in the same model. Participants were 126 Italian children with diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder (oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder), 113 boys and 13 girls, 110 Caucasian, 48 with conduct disorder, and 78 with oppositional defiant disorder, treated with a multi-component intervention, based on cognitive behavioral principles and practices. Participants were all 9-10 years of age at the beginning of the study, and were followed-up until the age of 11-12 years (24 months in total, the first 12 under treatment) using parent report (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and Child Behavior Check List) and child report (Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits) measures.
No significant cross-lagged path was found between negative parenting and CU traits; these two variables were also unrelated when positive parenting was considered in the same model. In contrast, reciprocal effects between positive parenting and CU were found: higher levels of positive parenting predicted lower levels of CU traits.
The current findings suggest that the positive dimension of parenting may need to be targeted in the treatment of DBD children with higher CU traits.
多项研究表明，除了儿童自身驱动的因素（即气质类型）外，养育行为至少在一定程度上会影响儿童冷酷无情（CU）特质的维持；然而，需要更多信息来区分哪种养育方式（消极养育或缺乏积极养育）会导致CU特质水平升高。本治疗研究的目的是检验养育方式的哪些成分与患有破坏性行为障碍的儿童的CU特质水平存在纵向关联。
本研究考察了积极和消极养育方式之间的交叉滞后相互影响模型，以及儿童CU特质水平在三个时间点的变化情况，同一模型中纳入了养育方式的积极和消极维度。参与者为126名被诊断患有破坏性行为障碍（对立违抗障碍或品行障碍）的意大利儿童，其中113名男孩、13名女孩，110名白种人，48名患有品行障碍，78名患有对立违抗障碍，接受基于认知行为原则和实践的多成分干预。研究开始时，参与者均为9至10岁，使用家长报告（阿拉巴马养育问卷和儿童行为检查表）和儿童报告（冷酷无情特质量表）进行随访，直至11至12岁（共24个月，前12个月接受治疗）。
未发现消极养育与CU特质之间存在显著的交叉滞后路径；在同一模型中考虑积极养育时，这两个变量也不相关。相反，发现了积极养育与CU之间的相互影响：更高水平的积极养育预示着更低水平的CU特质。
目前的研究结果表明，对于具有较高CU特质的破坏性行为障碍儿童，在治疗中可能需要针对养育方式的积极维度。
