Mohamed Saleh M H, Börger Norbert A, Geuze Reint H, van der Meere Jaap J
University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Clinical & Developmental Neuropsychology Department, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands; Beni-Suef University, Department of Psychology, Salah Salem Street, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Clinical & Developmental Neuropsychology Department, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
Brain Cogn. 2016 Oct;108:11-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.06.006. Epub 2016 Jul 16.
Evidence is accumulating that individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) do not adjust their responses after committing errors. Post-error response adjustments are taken to reflect, among others, error monitoring that is essential for learning, flexible behavioural adaptation, and achieving future goals. Many behavioural studies have suggested that atypical lateral brain functions and difficulties in allocating effort to protect performance against stressors (i.e., state regulation) are key factors in ADHD. Whether these factors contribute to the absence of post-error response adjustments in ADHD is unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the contribution of the left and right hemispheres and the deficiency in effort allocation to deviant post-error processing in adults with high ADHD symptoms. From a pool of 87 university students, two groups were formed: a group with higher (n=30) and a group with lower (n=26) scores on the ADHD index subscale of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales. The groups performed a lateralized lexical decision task with a fast and slower stimulus presentation rate. Post-error slowing and post-error response accuracy to stimuli presented in the left and right visual field were measured in each stimulus presentation rate. Results indicated that subjects with the lower ADHD scores slowed down and improved their response accuracy after errors, especially when stimuli were presented in the right visual field at the slower rate. In contrast, subjects with the higher ADHD scores showed no post-error adjustments. Results suggest that during lexical decision performance, impaired error processing in adults with ADHD is associated with affected ability of the left hemisphere to compensate for errors, especially when extra effort allocation is needed to meet task demands.
越来越多的证据表明，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个体在犯错后不会调整自己的反应。犯错后的反应调整被认为可以反映出错误监测，而错误监测对于学习、灵活的行为适应以及实现未来目标至关重要。许多行为学研究表明，大脑外侧功能异常以及在分配精力以保护表现免受压力源影响（即状态调节）方面存在困难是ADHD的关键因素。这些因素是否导致ADHD患者缺乏犯错后的反应调整尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查左、右半球的作用以及精力分配不足对ADHD症状严重的成年人异常的犯错后处理过程的影响。从87名大学生中，分成了两组：一组在康纳斯成人ADHD评定量表的ADHD指数子量表上得分较高（n = 30），另一组得分较低（n = 26）。两组进行了一项具有快速和较慢刺激呈现速率的单侧词汇判断任务。在每种刺激呈现速率下，测量对左、右视野呈现的刺激的犯错后反应减慢和犯错后反应准确性。结果表明，ADHD得分较低的受试者在犯错后会减慢速度并提高反应准确性，尤其是当以较慢速率在右视野呈现刺激时。相比之下，ADHD得分较高的受试者没有表现出犯错后调整。结果表明，在词汇判断任务中，ADHD成年人的错误处理受损与左半球补偿错误的能力受影响有关联，尤其是在需要额外分配精力以满足任务要求时。
