Christensen Katherine E, Lundwall Rebecca A
Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
Scand J Psychol. 2018 Oct;59(5):511-517. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12462. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
Previous reports have found increased error rate for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on response time (RT) computer tasks. Here we attempt the conceptual replication and extension of two studies that examined error rate in a general population of children (N = 203). Study 1 followed Johnstone and Galletta but considered associations between scores on a dimensional measure of ADHD symptoms (rather than comparing those with or without an ADHD diagnosis) and the frequency of commission and omission errors. Study 2 followed Shiels, Tamm & Epstein and examined post-error adjustment in the same group of children as for Study 1. Study 1 did not replicate previous findings of no increase in errors of commission in those with higher ADHD symptoms (Johnstone & Galletta). Instead, we found that younger children with lower ADHD symptoms were more likely to make commission errors, while omission errors did not vary with age. Study 2 replicated the previous finding of less RT slowing in children with more ADHD symptoms, extending this finding to a general population of children. Namely, as ADHD symptoms increase, RT slowing is less likely, putting children with higher ADHD symptoms at risk of additional errors. Overall, we extend previous ADHD research to typically developing children with ADHD symptoms.
先前的报告发现，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童在反应时间（RT）计算机任务上的错误率有所增加。在此，我们尝试对两项研究进行概念性重复和扩展，这两项研究考察了普通儿童群体（N = 203）中的错误率。研究1沿用了约翰斯通和加莱塔的方法，但考虑了ADHD症状维度测量得分之间的关联（而非比较有无ADHD诊断的儿童）以及执行错误和遗漏错误的频率。研究2沿用了希尔兹、塔姆和爱泼斯坦的方法，并在与研究1相同的儿童群体中考察了错误后的调整情况。研究1并未重复先前关于ADHD症状较高者执行错误没有增加的发现（约翰斯通和加莱塔）。相反，我们发现ADHD症状较轻的年幼儿童更有可能出现执行错误，而遗漏错误并不随年龄变化。研究2重复了先前关于ADHD症状较多的儿童反应时间减慢较少的发现，并将这一发现扩展到普通儿童群体。也就是说，随着ADHD症状的增加，反应时间减慢的可能性较小，这使ADHD症状较高的儿童面临更多错误的风险。总体而言，我们将先前的ADHD研究扩展到了有ADHD症状的典型发育儿童。
