Solomon Z, Mikulincer M, Benbenishty R
Department of Mental Health, Medical Corps Israel Defense Forces.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1989 May;28(2):131-44. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00823.x.
The study examined the role of control expectancies in the formation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Israeli soldiers combat stress reactions (battle shock) casualties of the Lebanon War (1982). A random sample of 104 soldiers who fought in the Lebanon War and were identified as combat stress reaction casualties were clinically interviewed and given a battery of self-report questionnaires a year after their participation in combat. In general, the components of Lazarus' stress-illness model were predictive of the severity of PTSD. Greater appraisal of threat, more negative emotions, and more emotion-focused coping were all found to predict a larger number of PTSD symptoms. Path analyses were performed separately for soldiers who reported that they were under high battle intensity and those who were under relatively low battle intensity. For low battle intensity, externals suffered more PTSD than internals. This relationship was due mainly to the indirect effects of locus of control via threat appraisal. These significant relationships were not found when battle intensity was high. The implications of the findings for the study of combat stress reactions and for the stress-illness model are discussed. The relative impact of generalized control expectancies and situational factors are examined for the various components of the model.
该研究调查了控制预期在以色列士兵创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）形成过程中的作用，这些士兵经历了黎巴嫩战争（1982年）中的战斗应激反应（战斗休克）伤亡。对104名参加过黎巴嫩战争且被确定为战斗应激反应伤亡人员的士兵进行随机抽样，在他们参加战斗一年后进行临床访谈，并让他们填写一系列自我报告问卷。总体而言，拉扎勒斯应激-疾病模型的各组成部分可预测PTSD的严重程度。研究发现，对威胁的评估越高、负面情绪越多以及更多以情绪为中心的应对方式，都能预测出更多的PTSD症状。分别对报告处于高战斗强度和相对低战斗强度的士兵进行了路径分析。对于低战斗强度的情况，外控者比内控者遭受更多的PTSD。这种关系主要是由于控制点通过威胁评估产生的间接影响。当战斗强度高时，未发现这些显著关系。讨论了研究结果对战斗应激反应研究和应激-疾病模型的意义。研究了广义控制预期和情境因素对模型各组成部分的相对影响。
