Pearce Karma, Tremellen Kelton
a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia, Australia ;
b Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine , Flinders University , Bedford Park , South Australia, Australia.
Hum Fertil (Camb). 2016 Sep;19(3):173-9. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2016.1205759. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
The early loss of ovarian reserve and subsequent menopause has a major impact on fertility potential and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and mortality later in life. While many studies have reported that lifestyle factors such as diet can influence the age of onset of natural menopause, their results are often contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of diet on the onset of natural menopause using a self-reported food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 1146 pre-menopausal women followed up for an average of 12.5 years. The primary finding was that the age of natural menopause was positively correlated with dietary intake of the micronutrient β-cryptoxanthin (r(2 )=( )0.105, p < 0.001) and fruit (r(2 )=( )0.07, p = 0.01), with these relationships remaining significant even after adjustment for other known co-variants for onset of menopause (parity, BMI, physical activity level, education, smoking, energy and alcohol intake). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed that both β-cryptoxanthin and fruit intake was associated with a significant delay in the onset of natural menopause. While still acknowledging that further research is required, in the interim we would advocate that a diet containing ∼400 mcg of β-cryptoxanthin per day from fruits (mandarins, oranges and peaches) has significant potential to delay ovarian senescence by 1.3 years.
卵巢储备功能过早丧失及随后出现的绝经对生育能力有重大影响，并会增加日后患心血管疾病、骨质疏松症、认知能力下降及死亡的风险。虽然许多研究报告称，饮食等生活方式因素会影响自然绝经的年龄，但其结果往往相互矛盾。因此，本研究的目的是通过一份自我报告的食物频率问卷，在一个平均随访12.5年的1146名绝经前女性队列中，研究饮食对自然绝经年龄的影响。主要发现是，自然绝经年龄与微量营养素β-隐黄质的饮食摄入量（r(2 )=( )0.105，p < 0.001）和水果摄入量（r(2 )=( )0.07，p = 0.01）呈正相关，即使在对其他已知的绝经相关协变量（产次、体重指数、身体活动水平、教育程度、吸烟、能量和酒精摄入量）进行调整后，这些关系仍然显著。Kaplan-Meier生存分析证实，β-隐黄质和水果摄入量均与自然绝经的显著延迟有关。虽然仍承认需要进一步研究，但在此期间，我们建议每天从水果（柑橘、橙子和桃子）中摄入约400微克β-隐黄质的饮食有显著潜力将卵巢衰老延迟1.3年。
