Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Health & Environment Department, Food Safety & Nutrition Section, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2016 Mar;4:60-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2015.11.003. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
Global dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in food animals is a major public health concern. Whilst many countries have implemented prudent antibiotic use policies and surveillance systems both in clinical and veterinary settings, there are no such systems in place in Albania and little is known about the levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in food animals within the country. A total of 172 poultry samples were taken from six Albanian farms over a 3-month period and were tested for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae. In total, 91 bacterial isolates were obtained and were characterised by species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. or other Enterobacteriaceae) and by susceptibility to 11 antibiotics. Resistance rates of E. coli and Salmonella isolates were, respectively: amoxicillin (86%, 64%); chloramphenicol (77%, 82%); ciprofloxacin (93%, 73%); cefotaxime (14%, 0%); gentamicin (12%, 0%); kanamycin (30%, 18%); nalidixic acid (91%, 73%); streptomycin (70%, 55%); sulphonamides (91%, 73%); tetracycline (95%, 73%); and trimethoprim (79%, 64%). Multidrug resistance to at least four antibiotics was observed in 95% of E. coli isolates and 82% of Salmonella. In conclusion, these data indicate that: (i) Salmonella and E. coli isolates from Albanian poultry farms exhibit high to extremely high levels of antibiotic resistance; (ii) Salmonella and E. coli isolates exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics; and (iii) multidrug resistance profiles among Enterobacteriaceae are geographically widespread. Implementation of prudent antibiotic use policies in food animals and related surveillance will be necessary to reduce the emergence, spread and establishment of highly resistant strains across poultry farms in Albania.
全球范围内，食源性动物中抗生素耐药菌的传播是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。虽然许多国家在临床和兽医环境中都实施了谨慎使用抗生素的政策和监测系统，但阿尔巴尼亚并没有这样的系统，而且对于该国食源性动物中抗生素耐药菌的水平知之甚少。在三个月的时间里，从阿尔巴尼亚的六个农场中采集了 172 份家禽样本，并检测了肠杆菌科的存在情况。总共获得了 91 个细菌分离株，并通过物种（大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌或其他肠杆菌科）和对 11 种抗生素的敏感性进行了特征描述。大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离株的耐药率分别为：阿莫西林（86%，64%）；氯霉素（77%，82%）；环丙沙星（93%，73%）；头孢噻肟（14%，0%）；庆大霉素（12%，0%）；卡那霉素（30%，18%）；萘啶酸（91%，73%）；链霉素（70%，55%）；磺胺类药物（91%，73%）；四环素（95%，73%）；和甲氧苄啶（79%，64%）。至少对四种抗生素耐药的多重耐药性在 95%的大肠杆菌分离株和 82%的沙门氏菌中观察到。总之，这些数据表明：（i）来自阿尔巴尼亚家禽养殖场的沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌分离株表现出高至极高水平的抗生素耐药性；（ii）沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌分离株对多种抗生素具有耐药性；（iii）肠杆菌科的多重耐药谱在地理上广泛存在。在食源性动物中实施谨慎使用抗生素的政策和相关监测将是必要的，以减少高度耐药菌株在阿尔巴尼亚家禽养殖场中的出现、传播和定植。
