Togawa Kayo, Le Cornet Charlotte, Feychting Maria, Tynes Tore, Pukkala Eero, Hansen Johnni, Olsson Ann, Oksbjerg Dalton Susanne, Nordby Karl-Christian, Uuksulainen Sanni, Wiebert Pernilla, Woldbæk Torill, Skakkebæk Niels E, Fervers Béatrice, Schüz Joachim
Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Cancer and Environment Department, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016 Oct;25(10):1426-1434. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0328. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
Data are scarce on the association between prenatal/preconception environmental exposure and testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) in offspring. We examined parental occupational exposures to heavy metals and welding fumes in relation to TGCT in offspring in a registry-based case-control study (NORD-TEST Study).
We identified TGCT cases diagnosed at ages 14-49 years in Finland (1988-2012), Norway (1978-2010), and Sweden (1979-2011) through nationwide cancer registries. These cases were individually matched by country and year of birth to controls selected from population registries. Information on parental occupations was retrieved from censuses. From this, we estimated prenatal/preconception exposures of chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and welding fumes (all three countries), and cadmium (Finland only) for each parent using job-exposure matrices specifying prevalence (P) and mean exposure level (L). Exposure indices were calculated as a product of P and L (P × L), and exposure categories were based on P × L or different combinations of P and L.
The study comprised 8,112 cases and 26,264 controls. We observed no statistically significant TGCT risk associated with presence of heavy metals/welding fumes (P × L > 0) and no dose-response relationship (P ≥ 0.32). A statistically significant elevated TGCT risk was found in paternal exposure category where both P and L of chromium were high (vs. no chromium; OR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval; 1.05-1.79).
Our study provides little evidence of associations between parental exposures to heavy metals/welding fumes and TGCT in offspring with the potential exception of high paternal chromium exposure.
Further research on paternal chromium exposure is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(10); 1426-34. ©2016 AACR.
关于产前/受孕前环境暴露与子代睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCT）之间关联的数据很少。在一项基于登记处的病例对照研究（北欧睾丸研究）中，我们研究了父母职业性接触重金属和焊接烟雾与子代TGCT的关系。
我们通过全国癌症登记处，在芬兰（1988 - 2012年）、挪威（1978 - 2010年）和瑞典（1979 - 2011年）确定了14至49岁诊断为TGCT的病例。这些病例按国家和出生年份与从人口登记处选取的对照进行个体匹配。父母职业信息从人口普查中获取。据此，我们使用指定患病率（P）和平均暴露水平（L）的工作暴露矩阵，估计了每位父母产前/受孕前铬、铁、镍、铅和焊接烟雾（所有三个国家）以及镉（仅芬兰）的暴露情况。暴露指数计算为P和L的乘积（P×L），暴露类别基于P×L或P和L的不同组合。
该研究包括8112例病例和26264例对照。我们未观察到与重金属/焊接烟雾存在（P×L>0）相关的统计学显著TGCT风险，也未观察到剂量反应关系（P≥0.32）。在父亲暴露类别中，当铬的P和L都很高时，发现TGCT风险有统计学显著升高（与无铬暴露相比；比值比 = 1.37，95%置信区间：1.05 - 1.79）。
我们的研究几乎没有提供父母暴露于重金属/焊接烟雾与子代TGCT之间存在关联的证据，高父亲铬暴露可能是个例外。
有必要对父亲铬暴露进行进一步研究。《癌症流行病学、生物标志物与预防》；25(10)；1426 - 34。©2016美国癌症研究协会。
