UMRESTTE (Epidemiological Research and Surveillance Unit in Transport, Occupation and Environment), Lyon 1 University, Eiffel University, Lyon, France.
Department of Occupational Health, AMEBAT, Nantes, France.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 16;11:1303998. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1303998. eCollection 2023.
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.
A case-control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18-45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation-1968 and the French nomenclature of activities-1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.
Paternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18-3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20-4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14-3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03-6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09-4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13-4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09-3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23-8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87-11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36-9.01) for mothers.
Some paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.
在发达国家，睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCT）是年轻男性中最常见的癌症。人们怀疑在生命早期父母的职业暴露会增加 TGCT 的风险。本研究的目的是评估父母在出生时的职业与成人 TGCT 之间的关联。
进行了一项病例对照研究，包括来自法国 20 家大学医院的 454 名年龄在 18-45 岁的 TGCT 病例，根据地区和出生年份与 670 名对照相匹配。从参与者那里收集的数据包括根据国际职业分类标准-1968 年和法国活动分类-1999 年编码的父母在出生时的工作。使用条件逻辑回归估计 TGCT 的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI），并调整 TGCT 的危险因素。
父亲在出生时的职业为服务业工人（OR=1.98，CI 1.18-3.30）、保护性服务工人（OR=2.40，CI 1.20-4.81）、运输设备操作人员（OR=1.96，CI 1.14-3.37）、专业农民（OR=2.66，CI 1.03-6.90），以及母亲为中学教育教师（OR=2.27，CI 1.09-4.76）或从事中学教育（OR=2.35，CI 1.13-4.88），与成年 TGCT 显著相关。上述父亲的职业与精原细胞瘤风险增加有关，而公共行政和国防职业与非精原细胞瘤风险增加有关；父亲的强制性社会保障（OR=1.99，CI 1.09-3.65）；一般、经济和社会行政（OR=3.21，CI 1.23-8.39）；母亲的中学教育教师（OR=4.67，CI 1.87-11.67）和中学教育（OR=3.50，CI 1.36-9.01）。
一些父亲的职业，如服务业工人、运输设备操作人员或专业农民，以及母亲从事中学教育的职业，似乎与 TGCT 的风险增加有关，具体特征取决于组织学类型。这些数据为进一步研究职业暴露是否与 TGCT 风险有关提供了假设，例如接触农药、溶剂或重金属。
