波兰女性邮政工作人员短期和长期病假的预测因素。

Predictors of short- and long-term sickness absence in female post office workers in Poland.

作者信息

Szubert Zuzanna, Makowiec-Dąbrowska Teresa, Merecz Dorota, Sobala Wojciech

机构信息

Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Environmental Epidemiology).

Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics).

出版信息

Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2016;29(4):539-62. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00795.

DOI:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00795

PMID:27443752

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to highlight major predictors of the frequency of sickness absence in a group of workers directly involved in customer service.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study was carried out on a random sample of 229 women employed as assistants and clerks in post offices. The survey was based on the Subjective Work, Health Status and Life Style Characteristics Questionnaire, and sickness absence data for the years 2004-2006.

RESULTS

The negative binominal regression model of sickness absence risk revealed the following significant predictors of short-term absence spells (1-29 days): 1) marital status, sickness absence risk for single women was (rate ratio (RR)) = 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.39) vs. married women; 2) post offices employing 7 workers had a rate ratio of sickness absence of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.04-2.42); 13-25 workers - RR = 2.03 (95% CI: 1.41-2.93); > 25 workers - RR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.15-2.88) compared with an average number of 8-12 workers; 3) shift work, RR = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14-2.14); 4) breaks from work - the risk of absence in the case of any breaks amounted to RR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.07-2.07) in comparison with the statutory breaks; 5) self-rated health reported as moderate relative to good health, RR = 1.71 (95% CI: 1.26-2.32); and 6) occurrence of respiratory diseases resulted in the risk of RR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.08-2.08). The Poisson regression model of long-term sickness absence spells (≥ 30 days) revealed the following significant predictors: 1) number of clients per shift: 51-100 clients, RR = 3.62 (95% CI: 1.07-22.6) compared with a lower number of clients; 2) self-rated health, assessed as moderate, RR = 1.97 (95% CI: 1.06-3.78) and 3) household chores performed for at least 4 h a day, RR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.18-0.79).

CONCLUSIONS

Association between sickness absence and workload as well as work organization indicates directions of corrective actions, which could reduce the scale of the problem.

摘要

背景

本研究旨在突出一组直接从事客户服务工作的员工中病假频率的主要预测因素。

材料与方法

该研究针对229名受雇于邮局担任助理和职员的女性进行随机抽样。调查基于主观工作、健康状况和生活方式特征问卷以及2004 - 2006年的病假数据。

结果

病假风险的负二项回归模型显示了短期病假（1 - 29天）的以下显著预测因素：1）婚姻状况，单身女性的病假风险（率比（RR））= 1.56（95%置信区间（CI）：1.01 - 2.39），而已婚女性为对照；2）雇佣7名员工的邮局病假率比为1.6（95% CI：1.04 - 2.42）；雇佣13 - 25名员工的邮局 - RR = 2.03（95% CI：1.41 - 2.93）；雇佣超过25名员工的邮局 - RR = 1.82（95% CI：1.15 - 2.88），与平均8 - 12名员工的邮局相比；3）轮班工作，RR = 1.57（95% CI：1.14 - 2.14）；4）工作中断 - 与法定休息相比，任何形式的工作中断情况下的缺勤风险为RR = 1.5（95% CI：1.07 - 2.07）；5）自我评估健康状况为中等相对于良好健康，RR = 1.71（95% CI：1.26 - 2.32）；6）患有呼吸系统疾病导致RR = 1.51（95% CI：1.08 - 2.08）的风险。长期病假（≥ 30天）的泊松回归模型显示了以下显著预测因素：1）每班客户数量：51 - 100名客户，RR = 3.62（95% CI：1.07 - 22.6），与较少客户数量相比；2）自我评估健康状况，评估为中等，RR = 1.97（95% CI：1.06 - 3.78）；3）每天至少进行4小时家务，RR = 0.4（95% CI：0.18 - 0.79）。