Water and Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, The University of Arizona , 2959 West Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, Arizona 85745, United States.
Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Sep 6;50(17):9524-32. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01384. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
The present study investigated wastewater treatment for the removal of 11 different virus types (pepper mild mottle virus; Aichi virus; genogroup I, II, and IV noroviruses; enterovirus; sapovirus; group-A rotavirus; adenovirus; and JC and BK polyomaviruses) by two wastewater treatment facilities utilizing advanced Bardenpho technology and compared the results with conventional treatment processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing full-scale treatment processes that all received sewage influent from the same region. The incidence of viruses in wastewater was assessed with respect to absolute abundance, occurrence, and reduction in monthly samples collected throughout a 12 month period in southern Arizona. Samples were concentrated via an electronegative filter method and quantified using TaqMan-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results suggest that Plant D, utilizing an advanced Bardenpho process as secondary treatment, effectively reduced pathogenic viruses better than facilities using conventional processes. However, the absence of cell-culture assays did not allow an accurate assessment of infective viruses. On the basis of these data, the Aichi virus is suggested as a conservative viral marker for adequate wastewater treatment, as it most often showed the best correlation coefficients to viral pathogens, was always detected at higher concentrations, and may overestimate the potential virus risk.
本研究调查了两种利用高级 Bardenpho 技术的废水处理设施对 11 种不同病毒类型（辣椒斑驳病毒；Aichi 病毒；基因型 I、II 和 IV 诺如病毒；肠道病毒；萨波病毒；A 组轮状病毒；腺病毒；JC 和 BK 多瘤病毒）的去除效果，并将结果与传统处理工艺进行了比较。据我们所知，这是首次比较来自同一地区污水进水的全规模处理工艺的研究。在亚利桑那州南部 12 个月的时间里，通过每月采集样本，评估了废水中病毒的绝对丰度、出现情况和减少情况。通过电负性滤膜法对样本进行浓缩，并使用 TaqMan 实时定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）进行定量。结果表明，作为二级处理的采用高级 Bardenpho 工艺的 Plant D 比使用传统工艺的设施更有效地减少了致病病毒。然而，由于缺乏细胞培养检测，无法准确评估感染性病毒。基于这些数据，建议将 Aichi 病毒作为废水处理充分性的保守病毒标志物，因为它通常与病毒病原体具有最佳的相关系数，始终以更高的浓度检测到，并且可能高估潜在的病毒风险。
