Sun Chunyuan, Zhao Wenji, Zhang Qianzhong, Yu Xue, Zheng Xiaoxia, Zhao Jiayin, Lv Ming
Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling Laboratory, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Jul 20;13(7):727. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13070727.
In order to acquire the pollution feature and regularities of distribution of metals in the topsoil within the sixth ring road in Beijing, a total of 46 soil samples were collected, and the concentrations of twelve elements (Nickel, Ni, Lithium, Li, Vanadium, V, Cobalt, Co, Barium, Ba, Strontium, Sr, Chrome, Cr, Molybdenum, Mo, Copper, Cu, Cadmium, Cd, Zinc, Zn, Lead, Pb) were analyzed. Geostatistics and multivariate statistics were conducted to identify spatial distribution characteristics and sources. In addition, the health risk of the analyzed heavy metals to humans (adult) was evaluated by an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency health risk assessment model. The results indicate that these metals have notable variation in spatial scale. The concentration of Cr was high in the west and low in the east, while that of Mo was high in the north and low in the south. High concentrations of Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb were found in the central part of the city. The average enrichment degree of Cd is 5.94, reaching the standard of significant enrichment. The accumulation of Cr, Mo, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb is influenced by anthropogenic activity, including vehicle exhaustion, coal burning, and industrial processes. Health risk assessment shows that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of selected heavy metals are within the safety standard and the rank of the carcinogenic risk of the four heavy metals is Cr > Co > Ni > Cd.
为掌握北京六环以内表层土壤中金属元素的污染特征及分布规律，共采集了46个土壤样本，并分析了12种元素（镍、Ni、锂、Li、钒、V、钴、Co、钡、Ba、锶、Sr、铬、Cr、钼、Mo、铜、Cu、镉、Cd、锌、Zn、铅、Pb）的含量。运用地统计学和多元统计学方法来确定空间分布特征及来源。此外，采用美国环境保护局健康风险评估模型对所分析的重金属对人类（成年人）的健康风险进行了评估。结果表明，这些金属元素在空间尺度上存在显著差异。Cr的含量西部高东部低，而Mo的含量北部高南部低。在城市中心区域发现Cu、Cd、Zn和Pb的含量较高。Cd的平均富集程度为5.94，达到了显著富集标准。Cr、Mo、Cu、Cd、Zn和Pb的积累受人为活动影响，包括汽车尾气排放、煤炭燃烧和工业生产过程。健康风险评估显示，所选重金属的非致癌和致癌风险均在安全标准范围内，四种重金属致癌风险的排序为Cr＞Co＞Ni＞Cd。
